收穫蟻屬
膜翅目蚁科的一属昆虫
收穫蟻屬（學名：Messor）又稱收割家蟻屬，是蟻科、切葉蟻亞科的一個屬，該屬有着100多個成員，命名方式源自羅馬神話中的農作物和收穫之神梅索爾（Messor）。地下群落通常分布在空曠的田野和路邊附近，開口直接通向地面。
收穫蟻屬
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| 未交配的野蠻收穫蟻雌性繁殖蟻 | |
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| 一個工匠收穫蟻的群落
Messor strutor | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 綱： | 昆蟲綱 Insecta |
| 目： | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
| 科： | 蟻科 Formicidae |
| 亞科： | 家蟻亞科 Myrmicinae |
| 屬： | 收穫蟻屬 Messor Forel, 1890 |
| 模式種 | |
| 野蠻收穫蟻 Formica barbara[1] Linnaeus, 1767
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| 多樣性 | |
| 100種以上左右 | |
| 異名 | |
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Cratomyrmex Emery, 1892 | |
該屬物種的群落可達到很大的規模，並以其設計精巧的糧倉而聞名。在糧倉中，種子被儲存在乾燥的環境中，以防止發芽。收穫蟻的結構巢穴非常複雜，總體而言，該屬物種有着很強大的建築能力。
收穫蟻有很多種分化，並且具有獨特的大頭特化，它們的作用是搬運種子以及開種子。雖然它們主要以種子為食，但偶爾也會吃蟲肉。一些蝸牛殼可能因為其形狀像穀物而被帶入巢穴。 [2]
收穫蟻具有堅韌、光滑的幾丁質外骨骼。行動緩慢，形成長長的攜帶種子的通道。收穫蟻往往是單後制的，一個群落僅由一位蟻后建立，但在人為的環境下，收穫蟻可以變成多後群落，但這往往會有擇後（指蟻群選舉蟻后，弱的蟻后將被處死）的風險。
以沙地收穫蟻（Messor arenarius）為例，與其他類型的收割蟻一樣，它們在尋找食物來源時會釋放追蹤信息素，並在個體層面上進行操作。 [3]
下屬物種屬物種
編輯該屬包括一下物種：
- 阿氏收穫蟻 Messor abdelazizi Santschi, 1921
- 針毛收穫蟻 Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
- 上海收穫蟻 Messor aciculatus subsp. risianus
- 埃及收穫蟻 Messor aegyptiacus (Emery, 1878)
- Messor alexandri Tohme, 1981
- Messor mediorubra
- Messor andrei (Mayr, 1886)
- 角收穫蟻 Messor angularis Santschi, 1928 小肯尼亞收穫蟻
- Messor antennatus Emery, 1908
- Messor aphaenogasteroides Pisarski, 1967
- Messor aralocaspius Ruzsky, 1902
- 沙地收穫蟻 Messor arenarius (Fabricius, 1787)
- 沙地收穫蟻阿氏亞種 Messor arenarius alfierii Santschi,1938
- 沙地收穫蟻惡魔亞種 Messor arenarius subsp. diabolus Santschi,1938
- 沙地收穫蟻底比斯亞種 Messor arenarius subsp. thebaicus Santschi,1912
- Messor atanassovii Atanassov, 1982
- 野蠻收穫蟻 Messor barbarus (Linnaeus, 1767) 原生收穫蟻、芭芭拉收穫蟻
- 野蠻收穫蟻五倍子亞種 Messor barbarus gallaoides Santschi, 1929
- 野蠻收穫蟻光滑亞種 Messor barbarus politus Karavaiev, 1912
- 野蠻收穫蟻血胸亞種 Messor barbarusmediosanguineus Donisthorpe, 1946
- Messor beduinus Emery, 1922
- Messor berbericus Bernard, 1955
- Messor bernardi Cagniant, 1967
- Messor bouvieri Bondroit, 1918
- Messor buettikeri Collingwood, 1985
- Messor caducus (Victor, 1839)
- 開普敦收穫蟻 Messor capensis (Mayr, 1862)
- Messor plinii
- 大頭收穫蟻 Messor capitatus (Latreille, 1798)
- Messor carthaginensis Bernard, 1980
- Messor caviceps (Forel, 1902)
- Messor celiae Reyes, 1985
- 巨首收穫蟻 Messor cephalotes (Emery, 1895) 肯尼亞收穫蟻
- Messor ceresis Santschi, 1934
- Messor chamberlini Wheeler, 1915
- Messor clypeatus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
- Messor muticus (Nylander, 1849)
- Messor collingwoodi Bolton, 1982
- Messor concolor Santschi, 1927
- Messor decipiens Santschi, 1917
- Messor dentatus Santschi, 1927
- Messor denticornis Forel, 1910
- Messor denticulatus Santschi, 1927
- Messor arcistriatus
- Messor diabarensis Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor ebeninus Santschi, 1927
- Messor hesperius Santschi, 1927
- 移動收穫蟻 Messor excursionis Ruzsky, 1905
- Messor ferreri Collingwood, 1993
- Messor foreli Santschi, 1923
- Messor fraternus Ruzsky, 1905
- 沒食子收穫蟻 Messor galla (Mayr, 1904)
- Messor ebininus Santschi
- 希伯來收穫蟻 Messor hebraeus Santschi, 1927
- Messor hellenius Agosti & Collingwood, 1987
- Messor himalayanus (Forel, 1902)
- Messor hispanicus Santschi, 1919
- Messor ibericus Santschi, 1931
- Messor incisus Stitz, 1923
- Messor incorruptus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
- 無刺收穫蟻 Messor inermis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
- Messor instabilis (Smith, 1858)
- Messor intermedius Santschi, 1927
- Messor julianus (Pergande, 1894)
- Messor kasakorum Arnol'di, 1969
- 克孜勒庫姆收穫蟻 Messor kisilkumensis Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor lamellicornis Arnol'di, 1968
- Messor lariversi (Smith, 1951)
- Messor kazakorum Arnoldi, 1969
- Messor lobicornis Forel, 1894
- Messor lobognathus Andrews, 1916
- Messor luebberti Forel, 1910
- Messor luridus Santschi, 1927
- Messor eglalae Sharaf
- 葡萄牙收穫蟻 Messor lusitanicus Tinaut, 1985
- Messor maculifrons Santschi, 1927
- Messor mcarthuri
- Messor marikovskii Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor marocanus Santschi, 1927
- Messor medioruber Santschi, 1910
- Messor melancholicus Arnol'di, 1977
- 小收穫蟻 minor (Andre, 1883)
- 小收穫蟻卡普里亞種 Messor minor capreensis Santschi, 1927
- 小收穫蟻卡拉布里亞亞種 Messor minor calabricus Santschi, 1927
- 小收穫蟻西方亞種 Messor minor hesperius Santschi, 1927
- 小收穫蟻摩爾亞種 Messor minor maurus Barquin, 1981
- Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
- Messor nahali Tohme, 1981
- Messor niloticus Santschi, 1938
- Messor oertzeni Forel, 1910
- Messor olegianus Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor orientalis (Emery, 1898)
- Messor perantennatus Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor pergandei (Mayr, 1886)
- Messor piceus Stitz, 1923
- 着色收穫蟻 Messor picturatus Santschi, 1927
- Messor planiceps Stitz, 1917
- Messor postpetiolatus Santschi, 1917
- 王者收穫蟻 Messor regalis (Emery, 1892)
- Messor reticuliventris Karavaiev, 1910
- Messor rufotestaceus (Foerster, 1850)
- Messor rufus Santschi, 1923
- 紅結收穫蟻 Messor ruginodis Stitz, 1916
- Messor rugosus (Andre, 1881)
- Messor sanctus Emery, 1921
- Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
- Messor sculpturatus Carpenter, 1930
- Messor semirufus (Andre, 1883)
- Messor semoni (Forel, 1906)
- Messor smithi (Cole, 1963)
- Messor sordidus (Forel, 1892)
- Messor stoddardi (Emery, 1895)
- 條紋收穫蟻 Messor striatellus Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor creticus Salata & Borowiec, 2019
- Messor striaticeps (Andre, 1883)
- Messor striatifrons Stitz, 1923
- Messor striativentris Emery, 1908
- 工匠收穫蟻 Messor structor (Latreille, 1798)
- 亞細節收穫蟻 Messor subgracilinodis Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor sultanus Santschi, 1917
- Messor syriacus Tohme, 1969
- Messor testaceus Donisthorpe, 1950
- Messor timidus (Espadaler, 1997)
- 熱帶收穫蟻 Messor tropicorum Wheeler, 1922
- Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
- 強壯收穫蟻 Messor valentinae Arnol'di, 1969
- Messor variabilis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
- Messor vaucheri Emery, 1908
- Messor vicinus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
- 沃斯曼收穫蟻 Messor wasmanni Krausse, 1910
- Messor minor x cf. wasmanni (Interspecific hybrid)
- Messor hismai Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
- Messor hodnii Barech, Khaldi, Espadaler & Cagniant, 2020
- Messor spec Santschi, 1927
- Messor erectus
參考文獻
編輯- ^ Bolton, B. Messor. AntCat. 2015 [10 January 2015].
- ^ Páll-Gergely, Barna; Péter Sólymos. Ants as shell collectors: notes on land snail shells found around ant nests. Malacologica Bohemoslovaca. 2009, 8: 14–18. S2CID 58911371. doi:10.5817/MaB2009-8-14
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- ^ Segev, Udi; Yaron Ziv. Consequences of behavioral vs. numerical dominance on foraging activity of desert seed-eating ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2012, 66 (4): 623–632. S2CID 18089283. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1310-3.
