摩納哥革命

1910年的摩納哥革命是摩納哥人民與其統治者阿爾伯特一世親王的一系列對抗事件。 ^[1]隨着次年摩納哥憲法的頒佈，摩納哥君主專制正式終結。 ^[2]

大眾訴求

人民對親王有不同的不滿。由於摩納哥缺乏農田或工廠，當地的博彩機構被禁止僱用摩納哥人，令摩納哥出現嚴重的失業狀況。摩納哥的聲譽一直受「歐洲道德污水池」惡名所影響，人民的民族自豪感低下。此外，親王把財富耗費於法國而非國內。因此，摩納哥人要求制定憲法和建立議會，如親王不同意訴求則威脅廢除君主制並建立共和國。摩納哥人其他訴求包括終止卡米爾·布蘭科和羅蘭·波拿巴對博彩機構的壟斷、把政府內的法國公民革職，以及將親王的財政與國家財政分家。 ^[3] ^[4]

1910年3月上旬，由 Suffren Peymond、Théodore Gastaud、André Marsan 和 Charles Bellando de Castro 組成的代表團向親王發出最後通牒。 ^[5] ^[6]在 3 月內，親王默許了他們的要求。 ^[7]在當年餘下的時間，人們繼續抗議法國對摩納哥政府和經濟的支配地位。 ^[8]親王宮被憤怒的暴徒襲擊和搶劫。 ^[9]親王在衛隊隊協助下逃離了王宮並留在法國，直至騷亂平息。親王衛隊士兵試圖在長達一天的騷亂中保衛宮殿，但最終失敗。

憲法

1911年1月5日，新憲法頒佈。儘管如此，阿爾伯特一世親王在第一次世界大戰期間仍然擁有相當大的權力，並於戰時暫停行使憲法。 1922 年阿爾伯特一世親王去世後， 《紐約時報》發表了 1921 年對親王的採訪，內容涉及這一系列過程以及他對 1911 年革命必要性的看法。 ^[10]

參見

摩納哥親王阿爾伯特一世
卡米爾·布蘭科

參考

^ EVENTS THAT MADE THE HISTORY OF 1910---WHAT THEY WERE, WHERE THEY HAPPENED AND THE CHIEF ACTORS IN THEM; Crash of Absolutism and the Growth of Republican Ideas (PDF). The New York Times. January 1, 1911 [2010-10-29].
^ MONACO GETS CONSTITUTION.; Prince Albert Proclaims It as Gift to His 1,200 Subjects. (PDF). The New York Times (Monte Carlo). January 8, 1911 [2010-10-29].
^ MORE REFORM IN MONACO.; Prince Albert Surrenders Control of the Government Finances. (PDF). The New York Times (Monte Carlo). October 16, 1910 [2010-10-29].
^ RIVIERA SEASON OPENING.; Changes Wrought by the New Political Status of Monaco. (PDF). The New York Times (Monte Carlo). October 23, 1910 [2010-10-29].
^ Radoman, Milena. La constitution a 100 ans. Monaco Hebdo. January 27, 2011 [December 26, 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-13）.
^ THRONE OF THE PRINCE OF MONACO IN DANGER; "Constitution or Revolution" the Ultimatum from Half the Subjects of the Little Kingdom. (PDF). The New York Times. March 13, 1910 [2010-10-29].
^ MONACO TO HAVE PARLIAMENT; Prince, Heretofore Absolute, Decides to Meet Wishes of Subjects. (PDF). The New York Times (Monte Carlo). March 29, 1910 [2010-10-29].
^ MONACO IS SHOWING ENMITY TO FRANCE; French Government Following Events in Little Principality with Close Attention. (PDF). The New York Times (Paris). November 27, 1910 [2010-10-29].
^ IS MONACO DOOMED? OTHER NATIONS WANT IT; Germany, Italy and France Cast Envious Eyes on the Little Principality and Its Own People Demand a Republic. (PDF). The New York Times. December 11, 1910 [2010-10-29].
^ THE PARADOX; How Late Prince Had Fairly to Force Constitution on His Reluctant People Usual Jubilation Absent. The Prince's Explanation. A Personal Appeal. The Gambling Contract.. The New York Times. July 2, 1922 [2011-08-15]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-07）.

[1] EVENTS THAT MADE THE HISTORY OF 1910---WHAT THEY WERE, WHERE THEY HAPPENED AND THE CHIEF ACTORS IN THEM; Crash of Absolutism and the Growth of Republican Ideas (PDF). The New York Times. January 1, 1911 [2010-10-29].

[2] MONACO GETS CONSTITUTION.; Prince Albert Proclaims It as Gift to His 1,200 Subjects. (PDF). The New York Times (Monte Carlo). January 8, 1911 [2010-10-29].

[3] MORE REFORM IN MONACO.; Prince Albert Surrenders Control of the Government Finances. (PDF). The New York Times (Monte Carlo). October 16, 1910 [2010-10-29].

[4] RIVIERA SEASON OPENING.; Changes Wrought by the New Political Status of Monaco. (PDF). The New York Times (Monte Carlo). October 23, 1910 [2010-10-29].

[laconstitutionmonacohebdo-5] Radoman, Milena. La constitution a 100 ans. Monaco Hebdo. January 27, 2011 [December 26, 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-13）.

[6] THRONE OF THE PRINCE OF MONACO IN DANGER; "Constitution or Revolution" the Ultimatum from Half the Subjects of the Little Kingdom. (PDF). The New York Times. March 13, 1910 [2010-10-29].

[7] MONACO TO HAVE PARLIAMENT; Prince, Heretofore Absolute, Decides to Meet Wishes of Subjects. (PDF). The New York Times (Monte Carlo). March 29, 1910 [2010-10-29].

[8] MONACO IS SHOWING ENMITY TO FRANCE; French Government Following Events in Little Principality with Close Attention. (PDF). The New York Times (Paris). November 27, 1910 [2010-10-29].

[9] IS MONACO DOOMED? OTHER NATIONS WANT IT; Germany, Italy and France Cast Envious Eyes on the Little Principality and Its Own People Demand a Republic. (PDF). The New York Times. December 11, 1910 [2010-10-29].

[10] THE PARADOX; How Late Prince Had Fairly to Force Constitution on His Reluctant People Usual Jubilation Absent. The Prince's Explanation. A Personal Appeal. The Gambling Contract.. The New York Times. July 2, 1922 [2011-08-15]. （原始內容存檔於2014-04-07）.

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