單斜構造

單斜構造（英語：Monocline）是岩層中的一種階梯狀褶皺，由在水平或傾角較緩地層序列內的傾角較陡區域組成。

形成方式

形成單斜構造的模式

單斜可以以幾種不同的方式形成（見圖）

盆地邊緣斷層的上覆地層序列差異壓實：由於盆地填充物具有更大的壓實性，導致地層下陷，在盆地邊緣形成單斜構造^[1]。

伸展斷層的後期構造反轉導致上覆地層序列中的單斜構造^[2]。

由基底伸展斷層向上延申到上覆地層層序列所造成^[3]。

由反向斷層向上延申到上覆地層序列所造成^[4]。

實例

Waterpocket Fold，地點：猶他州Capitol Reef National Park ^[5]。

Comb Ridge，地點：猶他州南部^[6]。 Grandview-Phantom Monocline，地點：亞利桑那州大峽谷 ^[7]。

Grand Hogback，地點：科羅拉多州^[8]。

Lebombo Mountains地點：南部非洲 ^[9]。

Lapstone Monocline地點：澳大利亞Blue Mountains^[10]。

Beaumaris Monocline地點：澳大利亞^[11]。

Purbeck Monocline 地點：英格蘭，Isle of Purbeck, Dorset ^[12]。

Fore-Sudetic Monocline，地點：波蘭^[13]。

Sindh Monocline, 地點：巴基斯坦^[14]。

Torres Flexure，地點：巴西南部 ^[15]。

參考文獻

^ Skuce, A.G. (1996). "Forward modelling of compaction above normal faults: an example from the Sirte Basin, Libya" (PDF). In Buchanan, P.G.; Nieuwland, D.A. (eds.). Modern Developments in Structural Interpretation, Validation and Modelling. Special Publications. Vol. 99. London: Geological Society. pp. 135–146. ISBN 978-1-897799-43-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-16.
^ Chadwick, R.A. (1993). "Aspects of basin inversion in southern Britain". Journal of the Geological Society. 150 (2): 311–322. Bibcode:1993JGSoc.150..311C. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.150.2.0311. S2CID 131396080
^ Willsey, S.P.; Umhoefer, P.J.; Hilley, G.E. (2002). "Early evolution of an extensional monocline by a propagating normal fault: 3D analysis from combined field study and numerical modeling" (PDF). Journal of Structural Geology. 24 (4): 651–669. Bibcode:2002JSG....24..651W. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(01)00120-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2011-01-09
^ Finch, E.; Hardy, S.; Gawthorpe, R. (2003). "Discrete element modelling of contractional fault-propagation folding above rigid basement fault blocks". Journal of Structural Geology. 25 (4): 515–528. Bibcode:2003JSG....25..515F. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00053-6
^ "Geology". Capitol Reef National Park. National Park Service. 23 December 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
^ Comb Ridge, Utah". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 2019-11-24. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
^ Abbott, Lon; Cook, Terri (2004). Hiking the Grand Canyon's Geology. Seattle: The Mountaineers Books. pp. 99–114. ISBN 978-0-89886-895-1.
^ Murray, Frederick N. (1967). "Jointing in Sedimentary Rocks along the Grand Hogback Monocline, Colorado". The Journal of Geology. 75 (3): 340–350. Bibcode:1967JG.....75..340M. doi:10.1086/627261. JSTOR 30071521. S2CID 128672429.
^ Klausen, M.B. (2009). "The Lebombo monocline and associated feeder dyke swarm: Diagnostic of a successful and highly volcanic rifted margin?". Tectonophysics. 468 (1–4): 42–62. Bibcode:2009Tectp.468...42K. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.10.012.
^ "L001 : Lapstone Monocline". Heritage places and items. Office of Environment and Heritage, Government of New South Wales. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
^ "61. Beaumaris Cliffs 3 - Monocline". Sites of Geological and Geomorphological Significance. Agriculture Victoria. 8 June 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
^ Nowell, D.A.G. (1997). "Structures affecting the coast around Lulworth Cove, Dorset and syn-sedimentary Wealden faulting". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 108 (4): 257–268. doi:10.1016/S0016-7878(97)80011-9.
^ Kluska, B.; Rospondek, M.J.; Marynowski, L.; Schaeffer, P. (2013). "The Werra cyclotheme (Upper Permian, Fore-Sudetic Monocline, Poland): Insights into fluctuations of the sedimentary environment from organic geochemical studies". Applied Geochemistry. 29: 73–91. Bibcode:2013ApGC...29...73K. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.09.010.
^ Memon, A.D.; Siddiqui, I.; Memon, A. (1999). "Tectonics of the Sindh monocline, Pakistan and their effects on hydrocarbons". Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 18 (2): 87–96.
^ Seth, H. (2018). Tectonic Deformation of Flood Basalt Provinces. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-67704-0.

[”Skuce”-1] Skuce, A.G. (1996). "Forward modelling of compaction above normal faults: an example from the Sirte Basin, Libya" (PDF). In Buchanan, P.G.; Nieuwland, D.A. (eds.). Modern Developments in Structural Interpretation, Validation and Modelling. Special Publications. Vol. 99. London: Geological Society. pp. 135–146. ISBN 978-1-897799-43-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-16.

[”Chadwick”-2] Chadwick, R.A. (1993). "Aspects of basin inversion in southern Britain". Journal of the Geological Society. 150 (2): 311–322. Bibcode:1993JGSoc.150..311C. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.150.2.0311. S2CID 131396080

[”Willsey”-3] Willsey, S.P.; Umhoefer, P.J.; Hilley, G.E. (2002). "Early evolution of an extensional monocline by a propagating normal fault: 3D analysis from combined field study and numerical modeling" (PDF). Journal of Structural Geology. 24 (4): 651–669. Bibcode:2002JSG....24..651W. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(01)00120-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2011-01-09

[”Finch”-4] Finch, E.; Hardy, S.; Gawthorpe, R. (2003). "Discrete element modelling of contractional fault-propagation folding above rigid basement fault blocks". Journal of Structural Geology. 25 (4): 515–528. Bibcode:2003JSG....25..515F. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00053-6

[”Geo”-5] "Geology". Capitol Reef National Park. National Park Service. 23 December 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2018.

[”Comb”-6] Comb Ridge, Utah". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 2019-11-24. Retrieved 2021-10-22.

[”Abbott”-7] Abbott, Lon; Cook, Terri (2004). Hiking the Grand Canyon's Geology. Seattle: The Mountaineers Books. pp. 99–114. ISBN 978-0-89886-895-1.

[Murray”-8] Murray, Frederick N. (1967). "Jointing in Sedimentary Rocks along the Grand Hogback Monocline, Colorado". The Journal of Geology. 75 (3): 340–350. Bibcode:1967JG.....75..340M. doi:10.1086/627261. JSTOR 30071521. S2CID 128672429.

[“Klau”-9] Klausen, M.B. (2009). "The Lebombo monocline and associated feeder dyke swarm: Diagnostic of a successful and highly volcanic rifted margin?". Tectonophysics. 468 (1–4): 42–62. Bibcode:2009Tectp.468...42K. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.10.012.

[”L00”-10] "L001 : Lapstone Monocline". Heritage places and items. Office of Environment and Heritage, Government of New South Wales. Retrieved 1 March 2018.

[”61”-11] "61. Beaumaris Cliffs 3 - Monocline". Sites of Geological and Geomorphological Significance. Agriculture Victoria. 8 June 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2018.

[”Now”-12] Nowell, D.A.G. (1997). "Structures affecting the coast around Lulworth Cove, Dorset and syn-sedimentary Wealden faulting". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 108 (4): 257–268. doi:10.1016/S0016-7878(97)80011-9.

[”Klu”-13] Kluska, B.; Rospondek, M.J.; Marynowski, L.; Schaeffer, P. (2013). "The Werra cyclotheme (Upper Permian, Fore-Sudetic Monocline, Poland): Insights into fluctuations of the sedimentary environment from organic geochemical studies". Applied Geochemistry. 29: 73–91. Bibcode:2013ApGC...29...73K. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.09.010.

[”Mem”-14] Memon, A.D.; Siddiqui, I.; Memon, A. (1999). "Tectonics of the Sindh monocline, Pakistan and their effects on hydrocarbons". Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 18 (2): 87–96.

[”Seth”-15] Seth, H. (2018). Tectonic Deformation of Flood Basalt Provinces. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-67704-0.

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