特拉卡埃萊爾

特拉卡埃萊爾納瓦特爾語Tlācaēllel,1397-1487),阿茲特克王族,阿茲特克三方同盟的建設者,自15世紀20年代開始終身擔任阿茲特克帝國的首席顧問[2][3]。他是特拉托阿尼維齊利維特爾和卡卡瑪西瓦特爾女王的兒子,伊茲科瓦特爾之侄。

特拉卡埃萊爾
特拉卡埃萊爾曾是阿茲特克將軍(特拉科奇卡爾卡特爾,Tlacochcalcatl)
出生1397年[1]
特諾奇蒂特蘭
逝世1487年
居住地特諾奇蒂特蘭
頭銜特諾奇蒂特蘭將軍
配偶馬基斯特辛
兒女卡卡馬特辛
特利爾波敦卡特辛
希赫波波卡特辛
父母維齊利維特爾
卡卡瑪西瓦特爾女王

在伊茲科瓦特爾統治年間,他被任命為將軍(特拉科奇卡爾卡特爾),在15世紀20年代和特帕內克人作戰期間被擢升為國王的首席顧問,稱為西瓦科瓦特爾。他終身擔任這一職務,輔佐過四代君王。

特拉卡埃萊爾在思想上強調阿茲特克人是被眾神選中的子民,定戰神維齊洛波奇特利為守護神[4]。他極其強調軍事[5],為賦予軍事活動以宗教意義,他提出榮冠戰爭,並擴大人祭規模。

他強制推行節約令,禁止平民穿戴奢侈服飾,以鞏固貴族地位。他亦實施焚書,銷毀阿茲特克人遷居前的當地史料[6][7]

阿茲特克國家在特拉卡埃萊爾主政期間達到國力巔峰。他於1487年逝世。特拉卡埃萊爾逝世後,阿茲特克帝國繼續向北方的奇奇梅克和南方的瑪雅土地進軍[8]

參考資料

編輯
  1. ^ Sometimes Tlacaélel's birth year is listed as 1398; see, e.g.: Mann, Charles C. (2005), 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, New York: Knopf, p. 118, ISBN 1-4000-4006-X.
  2. ^ Durán, Diego, History of the Indies of New Spain, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994, pp. 74–101, ISBN 0-8061-2649-3.
  3. ^ Malmstrom, Vincent H. (1997), Cycles of the Sun, Mysteries of the Moon: The Calendar in Mesoamerican Civilization, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, p. 238, ISBN 0-292-75196-6.
  4. ^ Brotherston, Gordon (1974), "Huitzilopochtli and What Was Made of Him", p. 159 in Hammond, Norman (ed.) (1974), Mesoamerican Archaeology - New Approaches: Proceedings of a Symposium on Mesoamerican Archaeology held by the University of Cambridge Centre of Latin American Studies, August 1972, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, pp. 155–66, ISBN 0-292-75008-0.
  5. ^ Burke, John Francis (2002), Mestizo Democracy: The Politics of Crossing Borders, College Station: Texas A & M University Press, p. 137, ISBN 1-58544-208-9.
  6. ^ Ostler, Nicholas (2005), Empires of the Word: A Language History of the World, New York: HarperCollins, p. 354 ISBN 0-06-621086-0.
  7. ^ Madrid Codex, VIII, 192v, as quoted in León-Portilla, p. 155. León-Portilla, Miguel. Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Náhuatl Mind. Civilization of the American Indian series, no. 67. Jack Emory Davis (trans.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1963. OCLC 181727.  Note that León-Portilla finds Tlacaelel to be the instigator of this burning, despite lack of specific historical evidence.
  8. ^ Schroeder, Susan. Talcaelel Remembered: Mastermind of the Aztec Empire. University of Oklahoma Press. 2016.