維基百科

環丙基甲醛

化合物

環丙基甲醛是一種有機化合物，化學式為C4H6O，是環丙烷的一個氫被甲酰基取代的產物。它是無色至黃色的液體，可溶於水及一些有機溶劑。

環丙基甲醛
IUPAC名
cyclopropanecarbaldehyde
英文名 Cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde
別名 環丙甲醛
甲酰基環丙烷
識別
CAS編號 1489-69-6  checkY
PubChem 123114
SMILES
 
  • C1CC1C=O
InChI
 
  • 1S/C4H6O/c5-3-4-1-2-4/h3-4H,1-2H2
InChIKey JMYVMOUINOAAPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
性質
化學式 C4H6O
摩爾質量 70.09 g·mol−1
外觀 無色液體
密度 0.938 g·cm−3[1]
沸點 98—101 °C（371—374 K）[2]
溶解性（水） 可溶
危險性
GHS提示詞 危險
H-術語 H225, H314
P-術語 P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P280, P301+330+331, P303+361+353, P304+340, P305+351+338, P310
相關物質
相關化學品 環丁基甲醛
環戊基甲醛
環己基甲醛
若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

合成 編輯

環丙基甲醛可由9-硼雜雙環[3.3.1]壬烷[3]、二(二乙胺基)氫化鋁[4]、1,1,2-三甲基丙基溴代甲硼烷二甲基硫醚配合物[5]等還原劑還原環丙基甲酸製得。高碘酸[6]、重鉻酸鈉[7]、3-亞碘酰苯甲酸[8]、硝酸鈰銨[9]、氧氣[10]等氧化劑氧化環丙基甲醇也能得到環丙基甲醛。

丁二酸二乙酯的酮醇縮合反應可以得到2-羥基環丁酮[11]，它可以被氫化鋁鋰還原為1,2-環丁二醇，再在三氟化硼二丁醚縮環，可以得到環丙基甲醛：[12]

 

2,3-二氫呋喃在加熱、加壓下經氧化鋁催化下發生重排反應，也能得到環丙基甲醛，副產物是反式（德語：Trans-Crotonaldehyd）巴豆醛：[13]

 

反應 編輯

環丙基甲醛可以發生醛的特徵反應，如加氫還原為環丙基甲醇[14]或氧化為環丙基甲酸[15]；它和苄胺在對甲苯磺酸的催化下縮合，得到N-(環丙基亞甲基)苄胺[16]，在該體系中，加入二硼酸可以將亞胺加氫為胺[17]；和氰乙酸乙酯發生Knoevenagel縮合反應，生成2-氰基-3-環丙基-2-丙烯酸乙酯。[18]在三氟化硼乙醚的存在下，它和2-疊氮基乙醇於二氯甲烷中反應，可以得到2-環丙基-4,5-二氫噁唑。[19]

它和二環戊基鋅反應，可以得到α-環丙基環戊基甲醇。[20]

應用 編輯

環丙基甲醛和正丙胺縮合後氫化，得到N-(環丙基甲基)丙胺，它再與4-氯-3,5-二硝基三氟甲苯反應，可以得到除草劑環丙氟靈（德語：Profluralin）：[21]

 

以環丙基甲醛為原料可以合成環丙基乙炔。它首先和三氯乙酸反應，得到α-三氯甲基環丙基甲醇，經對甲基苯基磺酰氯（TsCl）轉化為對甲苯磺酸酯，所得的酯再與甲基鋰反應，水解後生成環丙基乙炔。[22]

 

參考文獻 編輯

  1. ^ Haynes, William. CRC handbook of chemistry and physics : a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 2017: 3-138. ISBN 978-1-4987-5429-3. OCLC 957751024 （英語）. 
  2. ^ Venus-Danilova, E. D.; Kazimirova, V. F. Aldehydes and hydroxyaldehydes of the polymethylene series. IX. Isomeric changes of cyclopropylformaldehyde. Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii. 1938, 8: 1438-1436. ISSN 0044-460X （俄語）. 
  3. ^ Cha, Jin Soon; Kim, Jin Euog; Oh, Se Yeon; Kim, Jong Dae. One-pot conversion of carboxylic acids to aldehydes through treatment of acyloxy-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes with lithium 9-boratabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane. Tetrahedron Letters (Elsevier BV). 1987, 28 (39): 4575–4578. ISSN 0040-4039. doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)96568-7 （英語）. 
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  9. ^ Young, Lewis Brewster; Trahanovsky, Walter S. Cerium(IV) oxidation of organic compounds. III. Preparation of cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde from cyclopropanemethanol. The Journal of Organic Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1967, 32 (7): 2349–2350. ISSN 0022-3263. doi:10.1021/jo01282a058 （英語）. 
  10. ^ Wang, Xinliang; Liu, Renhua; Jin, Yu; Liang, Xinmiao. TEMPO/HCl/NaNO2 Catalyst: A Transition-Metal-Free Approach to Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones Under Mild Conditions. Chemistry - A European Journal (Wiley). 2008-03-17, 14 (9): 2679–2685. ISSN 0947-6539. doi:10.1002/chem.200701818 （英語）. 
  11. ^ Gatling, Sterling C.; Jackson, James E. Reactivity Control via Dihydrogen Bonding: Diastereoselection in Borohydride Reductions of α-Hydroxyketones. Journal of the American Chemical Society (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1999, 121 (37): 8655–8656. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja991784n （英語）. 
  12. ^ Cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde. Organic Syntheses (Organic Syntheses). 1981, 60: 25. ISSN 0078-6209. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.060.0025 （英語）. 
  13. ^ Liang, Shaowo; Price, Timothy W. Process for the conversion of 2,3-dihydrofuran to cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde. US5633410A. 1997-05-27 [2021-08-29]. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-29） （英語）. 
  14. ^ Kleemiss, Wolfgang; Feld, Marcel. Hydrogenation process and catalysts for the preparation of (hydroxymethyl)cyclopropane from formylcyclopropane. EP 794166 A2. 1997 （德語）. 
  15. ^ Zhao, Junfeng; Mück-Lichtenfeld, Christian; Studer, Armido. Cooperative N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) and Ruthenium Redox Catalysis: Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes with Air as the Terminal Oxidant. Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis (Wiley). 2013-04-08, 355 (6): 1098–1106. ISSN 1615-4150. doi:10.1002/adsc.201300034 （英語）. 
  16. ^ Huang, Huawen; Ji, Xiaochen; Wu, Wanqing; Jiang, Huanfeng. A cascade approach to fused indolizinones through Lewis acid–copper(i) relay catalysis. Chemical Communications (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 2013, 49 (32): 3351. ISSN 1359-7345. doi:10.1039/c3cc40643a （英語）. 
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  18. ^ Porter, David W.; Bradley, Michelle; Brown, Zarin; Charlton, Steven J.; Cox, Brian; Hunt, Peter; Janus, Diana; Lewis, Sarah; Oakley, Paul; O』Connor, Des; Reilly, John; Smith, Nichola; Press, Neil J. The discovery of potent, orally bioavailable pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile-6-alkyl CXCR2 receptor antagonists. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (Elsevier BV). 2014, 24 (15): 3285–3290. ISSN 0960-894X. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.011 （英語）. 
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