破碎地帶

破碎地帶（英語：shatter belt; shatter zone;^[1] crush zone^[2]）是地緣政治學中的一個概念，是指政治版圖上具有戰略地位和導向的區域，這些區域內部分裂嚴重，並陷入了大國在地緣戰略領域和勢力範圍的競爭。^[3]

該術語於1961年由美國印第安納州布盧明頓的學者Gordon East首次應用於地緣政治學。^[4]它借用自地質學中的「斷層」的概念，即「某種程度上垂直的層面上的水平運動產生的破碎岩石帶」。^[1]

定義

地緣政治學中所說的破碎地帶的概念源於一種分析方法，該方法從地緣政治鬥爭以及軍事、政治關係的角度來審視世界的國家和帝國版圖。破碎地帶是一種戰略要地，這種地區有內部分裂並引發大量衝突的傾向，同時又對大國具有重要戰略意義。這些地區之所以脆弱，是長期衝突的結果，這些衝突可能有很大的破壞性影響，也可能是輕微的混亂，而且這些地區普遍有發生災難性衝突的傾向。^[4]因此，「破碎地帶」一詞所指的地理區域，通常受到地區內國家內或國家間的局部衝突以及地區外的敵對大國干涉的威脅。^[5]所謂的破碎地帶經常被指責為國家間戰爭和衝突，特別是大國衝突的罪魁禍首。從捲入國家衝突以及於這些衝突的密切聯繫來看，破碎帶同時也是世界政治和國際關係中的主要危機的熱點或難以觸及的地區。^[6]與大多數具有不同程度凝聚力的地緣政治區域不同，破碎地帶是全球不穩定因素。^[3]

巴爾幹半島、^[7]東歐、^[2]^[4]高加索、^[8]中東^[9]均曾被認為是破碎地帶。

參見

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Raffield, B. Broken Worlds: Towards an Archaeology of the Shatter Zone. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 2021, 28 (3): 871–910. doi:10.1007/s10816-021-09520-y.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 O'loughlin, J. Ordering the ‘crush zone’: Geopolitical games in post‐cold war eastern Europe. Geopolitics. 1999, 4 (1): 34–56.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Cohen, Saul. Geopolitics of the World System. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2003: 43. ISBN 978-0847699070.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Gosar, Anton. The Shatter Belt and the European Core – A Geopolitical Discussion on the Untypical Case of Slovenia. GeoJournal – Spatially Integrated Social Sciences and Humanities. 2000,. October vol. 52, 2 (2): 107–117. S2CID 140390836. doi:10.1023/A:1013306804212.
^ Hensel, Paul R.; Diehl, Paul F. Testing empirical propositions about shatterbelts, 1945–76. Political Geography. January 1994, 13, 1: 33–52. doi:10.1016/0962-6298(94)90009-4.
^ Шаревски, Марио. Геополитичката положба на Македонија како ранлива точка на балканскиот појас на кршливост во услови на бегалската криза. Геополитичката и геостратегиската положба на Република Македонија во услови на мигрантската и бегалска криза. 2017,. Македонска академија на науките и уметностите: 159.
^ Humanist. Dictionary of Geography: Shatterbelt. Dictionary of Geography. 2 October 2015 [17 May 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2023-07-05）.
^ Nation, R. C. Russia and the Caucasus. Connections. 2015, 14 (2): 1–12 [2023-07-05]. （原始內容存檔於2023-08-13）.
^ Cohen, S. B. Middle East geopolitical transformation: The disappearance of a shatterbelt. Journal of Geography. 1992, 91 (1): 2–10. doi:10.1080/00221349208979330.

[Raffield-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Raffield, B. Broken Worlds: Towards an Archaeology of the Shatter Zone. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 2021, 28 (3): 871–910. doi:10.1007/s10816-021-09520-y.

[O'loughlin-2] 2.0 ^2.1 O'loughlin, J. Ordering the ‘crush zone’: Geopolitical games in post‐cold war eastern Europe. Geopolitics. 1999, 4 (1): 34–56.

[Cohen-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Cohen, Saul. Geopolitics of the World System. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2003: 43. ISBN 978-0847699070.

[Gosar-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Gosar, Anton. The Shatter Belt and the European Core – A Geopolitical Discussion on the Untypical Case of Slovenia. GeoJournal – Spatially Integrated Social Sciences and Humanities. 2000,. October vol. 52, 2 (2): 107–117. S2CID 140390836. doi:10.1023/A:1013306804212.

[Hansen_&_Diel-5] Hensel, Paul R.; Diehl, Paul F. Testing empirical propositions about shatterbelts, 1945–76. Political Geography. January 1994, 13, 1: 33–52. doi:10.1016/0962-6298(94)90009-4.

[Шаревски-6] Шаревски, Марио. Геополитичката положба на Македонија како ранлива точка на балканскиот појас на кршливост во услови на бегалската криза. Геополитичката и геостратегиската положба на Република Македонија во услови на мигрантската и бегалска криза. 2017,. Македонска академија на науките и уметностите: 159.

[Dictionary-7] Humanist. Dictionary of Geography: Shatterbelt. Dictionary of Geography. 2 October 2015 [17 May 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2023-07-05）.

[8] Nation, R. C. Russia and the Caucasus. Connections. 2015, 14 (2): 1–12 [2023-07-05]. （原始內容存檔於2023-08-13）.

[9] Cohen, S. B. Middle East geopolitical transformation: The disappearance of a shatterbelt. Journal of Geography. 1992, 91 (1): 2–10. doi:10.1080/00221349208979330.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]