討論:海關
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未翻譯內容如下：--Flame 歡迎泡茶 2011年5月15日 (日) 00:34 (UTC)
海關私有化 編輯
Customs is an important part of the government involved in one of the three basic functions of a government, namely, administration, maintenance of law, order and justice and collection of revenue. However, in a bid to mitigate corruption, many countries have partly privatized its Customs. This has occurred by way of engagement of Pre-shipment Inspection Agencies who examine the cargo and verify the declared value before importation is effected and the nation Customs is obliged to accept the report of the agency for the purpose of assessment of leviable duties and taxes at the port of entry. While engaging a preshipment inspection agency may appear justified in a country with an inexperienced or inadequate Customs establishment, the measure has not really been able to plug the loophole and protect revenue. It has been found that evasion of Customs duty escalated when pre-shipment agencies took over.[1] It has also been alleged that such involvement of such agencies has been causing delays in the shipment process.[2] Privatization of Customs has been viewed as a fatal remedy.[1]
海關基本法規概覽 編輯
亞洲 編輯
印度尼西亞 編輯
No customs for mailed goods below or equal to US$50. Customs policy may be different in Batam free trade zone.
歐盟 編輯
The basic customs law is harmonized across Europe. This includes customs duties and restrictions. Customs tax from 150 €. In addition, see regulations of each Member State.
德國 編輯
From 22 € is VAT payable. National restrictions especially in weapons and drugs.
羅馬尼亞 編輯
Customs may be very strict, especially for mailed goods (from outside the EU). Up to 10€ goods/package there are no taxes (it is free). Taxes may be stiff. There may be an outgoing custom tax too. [來源請求]
斯洛伐克 編輯
Up to 22€ there are no taxes (it is free). From 22€ up to 150€, it is necessary to pay VAT (DPH in Slovak) which is 19%. From 150€ it is necessary to pay VAT and customs. Customs may be from 0 to 10%, the amount depending on the type of imported goods.
北美 編輯
加拿大 編輯
- No customs for mailed goods below $20 CAD.[3]
- No customs for gifts below $60 CAD.[4]
- A personal exemption amount is given to all household or personal use items imported from another country. The amount depends on the time spent outside of Canada and pertains to federal taxes and duties only (provincial taxes may still apply). They cannot be combined with another person nor by multiplying them (i.e., 21 days outside of Canada does not equal to $2250 exemption)[5]
外部連結已修改 編輯
各位維基人：
我剛剛修改了海關中的3個外部連結，請大家仔細檢查我的編輯。如果您有疑問，或者需要讓機械人忽略某個連結甚至整個頁面，請訪問這個簡單的FAQ獲取更多信息。我進行了以下修改：
- 向 http://www.gumruk.gov.tr/ 中加入存檔連結 https://web.archive.org/web/20090705184032/http://www.gumruk.gov.tr/
- 向 http://www.paccs.gov.pk/ 中加入存檔連結 https://web.archive.org/web/20110807064512/http://www.paccs.gov.pk/
- 向 http://www.gumruk.gov.tr/ 中加入存檔連結 https://web.archive.org/web/20090705184032/http://www.gumruk.gov.tr/
有關機械人修正錯誤的詳情請參閱FAQ。
外部連結已修改 編輯
各位維基人：
我剛剛修改了海關中的1個外部連結，請大家仔細檢查我的編輯。如果您有疑問，或者需要讓機械人忽略某個連結甚至整個頁面，請訪問這個簡單的FAQ獲取更多信息。我進行了以下修改：
- 向 http://www.aduana.co.cu/ 中加入存檔連結 https://web.archive.org/web/20101220213708/http://www.aduana.co.cu/
有關機械人修正錯誤的詳情請參閱FAQ。
祝編安。—InternetArchiveBot (報告軟件缺陷) 2018年7月30日 (一) 01:58 (UTC)
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Chowdhury, F. L. (2006) Corrupt bureaucracy and privatization of Customs in Bangladesh, Pathok Samabesh, Dhaka.
- ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
Chowdhury 1992的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ Mail items worth $20 or less
- ^ Gifts worth $60 or less
- ^ I Declare: A guide for residents of Canada returning to Canada