用戶:Dali0Lama/沙盒
| Kongka La incident | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| 參戰方 | |||||||
 中國 |
 印度 | ||||||
| 參戰單位 | |||||||
 People's Liberation Army |
 Indo-Tibetan Border Force | ||||||
| 兵力 | |||||||
| 14 | 70[1] | ||||||
| 傷亡與損失 | |||||||
| 1 killed | 9 killed, 3 wounded, 7 captured | ||||||
The Kongka La incident was a military skirmish on the Sino-Indian border on October 20, 1959.
Background
編輯When the Indian political circles set off a wave of anti-China sentiment in early 1959, indian nationalists questioned why the government did not recover eastern Ladakh despite Nehru recognising the area as Indian territory. The boundaries were not delineated. In the summer, Indian Intelligence Agency and the Ministry of the Interior instructed its border police forces to move forward. They first set up posts at three locations in the northeast of Leh, and then sent patrols along the Mohama Valley to cross the traditional custom line, close to the Xinang Road Lanaike Mountain, and established a post there.[2].
Incident
編輯On October 20, 1959, three Indian border patrol officers crossed the Chinese territory to the south of the empty Kazan Pass in the northwestern part of Tibet. They were warned by Chinese border guards, but the Indians ignored their warning[3]. The border guards then detained the Indians. The next day, on October 21, an Indian patrol consisting of 70 border patrol officers entered the same area to search for the men who were declared missing, but were ambushed by the Chinese, who were well-entrenched and firing from high positions. The Indian policemen scrambled for cover, then returned fire, killing Wu Guoqing. The remaining 13 members of the Chinese patrol team then responded. The Chinese squad leader Wenjie counterattacked the Indians, forcing them to retreat. The battle ended with nine Indian policemen dead, three others wounded, and seven captured by the Chinese. [4].
Wu Guoqing was buried in Shuler Martyrs Cemetery[5][6].
Aftermath
編輯After the incident, the Indian Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a communique on October 23, accusing China of aggression. On October 26, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China replied to India's allegations, and expressed the hope that the Indian government will focus on Sino-Indian friendship and maintain two China's border peace [7].
In India, the Indian government’s explanation of the incident set off a strong nationalist sentiment: Nehru’s attitude towards the border issue gradually changed.[8]. On November 7, Zhou Enlai sent a letter to Nehru, proposing two steps to resolve disputes: 1. China and India each fall back 20 kilometers to set aside a buffer zone for conflict; 2. Hold a moderate-level talks between China and India. On November 16, Nehru replied with a letter rejecting the proposal.[9].
On November 14, the Chinese border guards handed over the captured Indian soldiers, bodies and weapons. [10]. In 1960, Zhou Enlai visited China and met with Prime Minister Nehru to propose a settlement of the border issue. He did not accept the Indian side. [11]. Since June 1962, the Indian Prime Minister Nehru issued a forward policy. The Indian army crossed the "McMahon Line" and entered the South Tibet, and claimed that China should not occupy Tibet. These events led to the Sino-Indian War.
References
編輯- ^ Arif, Sheikh. Sino-India Border War (PDF). Omics Online. School of Studies in Political Science and Public Administration, Vikram University. [14 August 2018].
- ^ The People's Republic of China Foreign Relations Document Collection Episode 9 1962. Beijing: World Knowledge Press. 1964: 15.
- ^ World Knowledge Publishing House. Printed Border Issues Volume 3. Beijing: World Knowledge Publishing House. 1962: 56.
- ^ Chinese People's Liberation Army Historical Data Series Editorial Board. Communist Remembrance Historical Materials 3. Beijing:解放軍出版社. 1997. ISBN 7-5065-3348-0. 已忽略未知參數
|Pages=（建議使用|pages=） (幫助) - ^ Edited by Cui Naifu. The People's Republic of China's Toponymic Dictionary Volume 5. Beijing:商印書. 2002: 7777. ISBN 7-100-03254-7.
- ^ Shuol government information website--Shule County Martyrs Cemetery Maintenance and Reconstruction Project successfully passed the project completion acceptance. Silele County People's Government. [2018-05- 06]. （原始內容存檔於2018- 05-07）.
- ^ Sun Tingjin. saying the history of the surrounding history on the transition. Beijing: China Friendship Publishing Company. 2016: 427. ISBN 978-7-5057 -3809-6.
- ^ <Wang Hongwei. Himalaya Complex China-India Relationship Study. Beijing: China Tibetology Press. 1998: 170– 174. ISBN 7-80057-319-2.
- ^ 周衛平著. 100 years of Sino-Indian relations. Beijing: World Knowledge Publishing House. 2006: 242–245. ISBN 7 -5012-2881-7.
- ^ 《People's Liberation Army General」 Editorial Board Edit. People's Liberation Army Tongjian 1927-1996. Lanzhou: Gansu People's Publishing House. 1997: 1815.
- ^ Indo-China War of 1962. GlobalSecurity.org. [2017-07-25]. （原始內容/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-prc_1962.htm 存檔 請檢查
|archiveurl=值 (幫助)於2017-07-13）.