副狒
副狒(Parapapio)是一属史前的狒狒,外表像森林的白睑猴。副狒与狒狒不同的是,牠的眉嵴很窄,没有犬齿窝或矢状嵴,只有少许两性异形。[1]
副狒属![]() | |
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Fossil
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科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
目: | 灵长目 Primates |
科: | 猴科 Cercopithecidae |
亚科: | 猕猴亚科 Cercopithecinae |
族: | 狒狒族 Papionini |
属: | †副狒属 Parapapio Jones, 1937 |
种 | |
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现时已知有四个副狒的物种,包括P. jonesi、P. whitei、P. broomi及P. antiquus,但这些分类却仍有一些争议。传统上,这些物种都只在臼齿的大小来作出分野,如P. jonesi的臼齿最细小,P. whitei的则最大,但是P. broomi的臼齿差异却与这两种副狒一致。[2]P. jonesi的鼻端较P. whitei的更为方形,但较Pp. broomi为圆。这些分野实在太微小,故有需要更完善的分类条件。[1]
虽然一些学者指副狒分类有问题,但却不赞成重新分类。这是由于P. broomi与P. jonesi的平均牙齿大小或同位素特征没有明显差异[3],这显示牠们可能是两性异形的同一物种。[4]但是P. broomi及P. whitei的差异范围重叠,并且没有统计学上的差异[5],故有建议指牠们其实是同一物种。[2]更复杂的是,P. jonesi的标本在面部特征上都与其他副狒有明显不同。
参考
编辑- ^ 1.0 1.1 Frost, S. R. and E. Delson. Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution. 2002, 43: 687–748.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 F.L. Williams, R. R. A., S.R. Leigh. Inferring Plio-Pleistocene southern African biochronology from facial affinities in Parapapio and other fossil papionins. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2006.
- ^ Thackeray, F., D. Codron; et al. Stable carbon isotope analyses of Parapapio tooth enamel from Sterkfontein and Swartkrans. South African Journal of Science. 2005, 110: 483–484.
- ^ Thackeray, F. and S. Myer. Parapapio broomi and Parapapio jonesi from Sterkfontein: males and females of one species?. Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 2004, 41: 79–82.
- ^ Frost, S. R., L. F. Marcus; et al. Cranial allometry, phylogeography, and systematics of large-bodied papionins (primates: Cercopithecinae) inferred from geometric morphometric analysis of landmark data. The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 2003, 275A (2): 1048–1072.