大猪笼草
大猪笼草[3](学名:Nepenthes maxima)是一种广布于苏拉威西[3]、新几内亚[3]和摩鹿加群岛[4]的热带食虫植物。其也可能存在于沃沃尼岛。[5]
大猪笼草![]() | |
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产自苏拉威西的大猪笼草上位笼,海拔约400米 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 真双子叶植物 Eudicots |
目: | 石竹目 Caryophyllales |
科: | 猪笼草科 Nepenthaceae |
属: | 猪笼草属 Nepenthes |
种: | 大猪笼草 N. maxima
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二名法 | |
Nepenthes maxima | |
异名 | |
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大猪笼草被归入“大猪笼草系”中,其中还包括博世猪笼草(N. boschiana)、陈氏猪笼草(N. chaniana)、附生猪笼草(N. epiphytica)、艾玛猪笼草、法萨猪笼草(N. faizaliana)、暗色猪笼草(N. fusca)、扎克里猪笼草(N. zakriana )、N. dactylifera 、克洛斯猪笼草(N. klossii)、宽唇猪笼草(N. platychila)、窄叶猪笼草(N. stenophylla)、柔毛猪笼草(N. mollis) 和佛氏猪笼草(N. vogelii)。[6]
常见于苏拉威西的某些变型常具有明显波浪状的叶片。[4][7]个别极端个体的叶片翼即使下延至下部整个节间,但其仍可能呈高度波浪状。[8]这种波浪状的叶片是由于叶缘细胞生长造成的,由于其叶片质薄,从而导致其叶片呈波浪状以降低其应力势能。[9]
虽然柯蒂斯猪笼草(N. curtisii)为该物种的异名,但其也被用于指代其他许多栽培种。
形态特征
编辑大猪笼草捕虫笼的形态特征多变。捕虫笼可为纯绿色或带斑点,少数斑点众多,几乎为黑色。不同变型的唇也存在差异,产自新几内亚的变型其唇较宽。[3]
种下类群
编辑- Nepenthes maxima f. undulata Sh.Kurata (1985)
- Nepenthes maxima var. glabrata Becc. in sched. nom.nud.
- Nepenthes maxima var. lowii (Hook.f.) Becc. (1886) [=N. stenophylla]
- Nepenthes maxima var. minor Macf. (1917)
- Nepenthes maxima var. sumatrana (Miq.) Becc. (1886) [=N. sumatrana]
- Nepenthes maxima var. superba (Hort.Veitch ex Marshall) Veitch (1897)
2009年,一种产自婆娑湖的栽培品种被命名为婆娑湖大猪笼草(Nepenthes maxima‘Lake Poso’)[10]
自然杂交种
编辑- ? N. eymae × N. maxima[4]
- N. glabrata × N. maxima[4]
- N. klossii × N. maxima[10]
- N. maxima × N. neoguineensis[4]
- N. maxima × N. tentaculata[11]
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无毛猪笼草与大猪笼草的疑似自然杂交种
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克洛斯猪笼草与大猪笼草的自然杂交种
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大猪笼草与新几内亚猪笼草的自然杂交种
参考文献
编辑- ^ (拉丁文) Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.
- ^ Masters, M.T. 1887. New or noteworthy plants. Nepenthes Curtisii, Mast., sp. nov.. The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 2(49): 681, 689.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 60. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ (印尼文) Sunarti, S., A. Hidayat & Rugayah 2008. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di hutan Pegunungan Waworete, Kecamatan Wawonii Timur, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) [Plants diversity at the mountain forest of Waworete, East Wawonii District, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi.] Biodiversitas 9(3): 194–198.
- ^ Robinson, A.S., J. Nerz & A. Wistuba 2011. Nepenthes epiphytica, a new pitcher plant from East Kalimantan. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 36–51.
- ^ [Anonymous] 2013. BE-3543 Nepenthes maxima - wavy leaf.PDF Nepenthes Growers Newsletter 2(2): 7–8.
- ^ Bourke, G. 2010. Plant profile: Nepenthes maxima.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(1): 9–10.
- ^ Sharon, E., M. Marder & H.L. Swinney 2004. Leaves, flowers and garbage bags: making waves. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) American Scientist 92(3): 254–261.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Evans, D.P. 2009. New Cultivars: Nepenthes maxima ‘Lake Poso’ (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 38(1): 18–22.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sulawesi. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- [Anonymous] 1889. Nepenthes at Messrs. Veitch's.(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(145): 388.
- [Anonymous] 2010. Eramet-PT Weda Bay Nickel Exploration and Development ESIA.(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) ERM Indonesia, Jakarta.
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- Amoroso, V.B. & R.A. Aspiras 2011. Hamiguitan Range: a sanctuary for native flora. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 18(1): 7–15. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.07.003
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- Beveridge, N.G.P., C. Rauch, P.J.A. Keßler, R.R. van Vugt & P.C. van Welzen 2013. A new way to identify living species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae): more data needed! Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 42(4): 122–128.
- (拉丁文) Blume, C.L. 1852. Ord. Nepenthaceae.(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) In: Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.
- Bonhomme, V., H. Pelloux-Prayer, E. Jousselin, Y. Forterre, J.-J. Labat & L. Gaume 2011. Slippery or sticky? Functional diversity in the trapping strategy of Nepenthes carnivorous plants. New Phytologist 191(2): 545–554. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03696.x
- Clarke et al. Nepenthes maxima. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000. [12 May 2006].
- Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
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