朝鲜水军

朝鲜水军
朝鲜水军
조선수군
	军旗
成立时间	1392年-1895年
国家或地区	朝鲜王朝
效忠于	朝鲜国王
种类	海军
功能	海战
驻军/总部	庆尚南道统营

朝鲜水军（韩语：조선수군／朝鮮水軍）是朝鲜王朝的海军，最初奉命保护商船与沿海城镇免遭倭寇袭击，后来以参与万历朝鲜之役，击退来袭的日本海军，保卫朝鲜王朝而知名。^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

历史

朝鲜王朝废海军海事，渔船盛行，较太平且重视农业与儒学，轻视且弱化军队。

1419年（大明永乐十七年），朝鲜世宗派李从茂东征日本对马岛，以反击倭寇。李从茂率227艘舰船与约1.7万兵士登陆对马岛，袭掠倭寇据点。对马岛统治者宗氏要求议和。随后的外交往来中，宗氏获准在朝鲜沿海港口贸易，同时遏制倭寇活动。

朝鲜后来研发出木制坚船板屋船，作为水军主力，并奉世宗之命研发出利炮。坚船利炮对抗倭寇船只十分成功。板屋船与水军广泛运用于万历朝鲜之役，尤其是在李舜臣领导下。李舜臣还依旧制研发出龟船。板屋船与龟船是世上最早有装甲的军舰。^[6]

19世纪末，朝鲜水军除海岸防御要塞外没有其他重要的海军力量。^[7]尽管试图建立王家海军学校来使水军现代化，但朝鲜水军最终于1895年解散。1903年（光武7年），大韩帝国政府购置了国内首艘现代军舰扬武号。^[8]1910年（隆熙4年，日本明治43年）日韩合并后，原大韩帝国海军遭到吞并。

舰船

除龟船与板屋船外，朝鲜水军还有许多其他舰船：

挟船主要用于侦察。
鼻居刀小而快，万历朝鲜之役后消失殆尽。
剑船演变自高丽戈船，像龟船一样，顶上有铁钉，但较小，通常约载15人。

朝鲜水军还使用渔船侦察，有时用于战斗。

参考文献

引用

^ Turnbull, Stephen. The Samurai Invasion of Korea 1592-98. Osprey Publishing. 2012-11-20: 17 [2015-03-25]. ISBN 9781782007128. ^{[失效链接]} "His naval victories were to prove decisive in the Japanese defeat, although Yi was to die during his final battle in 1598."
^ Perez, Louis. 存档副本. Japan At War: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO: 140. 2013 [2021-04-26]. ISBN 9781598847413. （原始内容存档于2021-04-26）. "Just as a complete Japanese victory appeared imminent, Admiral Yi entered the war and quickly turned the tide."
^ Perez, Louis. 存档副本. Japan At War: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO: 140–141. 2013 [2021-04-26]. ISBN 9781598847413. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）. "Yi's successes gave Korea complete control of the sea lanes around the peninsula, and the Korean navy was able to intercept most of the supplies and communications between Japan and Korea"
^ Elisonas, Jurgis. "The inseparable trinity: Japan's relations with China and Korea." The Cambridge History of Japan. Vol. 4. Ed. John Whitney Hall. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. pp. 278
^ 李基白. A New History of Korea. Trans. Edward W. Wagner and Edward J. Schultz. Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984. pp. 212
^ Archived copy (PDF). [2011-04-18]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-09-04）.
^ "The First US Naval Attaché to Korea" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Central Intelligence Agency Official Website. [2007-05-06]
^ "제3장 군사학교의 설립과 사관양성 (PDF Format)" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Ministry of National Defense - Institution for Military History Compilation Official Website. [2007-05-01]

来源

Stephen Turnbull, "Samurai Invasion - Japan's Korean War 1592-1598", Cassel & Co, 2002

[Turnbull_17-1] Turnbull, Stephen. The Samurai Invasion of Korea 1592-98. Osprey Publishing. 2012-11-20: 17 [2015-03-25]. ISBN 9781782007128. ^{[失效链接]} "His naval victories were to prove decisive in the Japanese defeat, although Yi was to die during his final battle in 1598."

[Perez_2013_140-2] Perez, Louis. 存档副本. Japan At War: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO: 140. 2013 [2021-04-26]. ISBN 9781598847413. （原始内容存档于2021-04-26）. "Just as a complete Japanese victory appeared imminent, Admiral Yi entered the war and quickly turned the tide."

[Perez_2013_140–141-3] Perez, Louis. 存档副本. Japan At War: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO: 140–141. 2013 [2021-04-26]. ISBN 9781598847413. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）. "Yi's successes gave Korea complete control of the sea lanes around the peninsula, and the Korean navy was able to intercept most of the supplies and communications between Japan and Korea"

[Elisonas,_Jurgis_1991._pp._278-4] Elisonas, Jurgis. "The inseparable trinity: Japan's relations with China and Korea." The Cambridge History of Japan. Vol. 4. Ed. John Whitney Hall. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. pp. 278

[Lee,_Ki-baik_1984._pp._212-5] 李基白. A New History of Korea. Trans. Edward W. Wagner and Edward J. Schultz. Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984. pp. 212

[6] Archived copy (PDF). [2011-04-18]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-09-04）.

[7] "The First US Naval Attaché to Korea" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Central Intelligence Agency Official Website. [2007-05-06]

[8] "제3장 군사학교의 설립과 사관양성 (PDF Format)" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Ministry of National Defense - Institution for Military History Compilation Official Website. [2007-05-01]

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