河口螺属
金环螺科的一属软体动物
河口螺属（学名：Iravadia），又名埃列螺属[3]或金环螺属[4]，是一类体型非常细小，而且很可能是两栖的陆生蜗牛的属，有鳃和螺厣的半陆生腹足纲软体动物，是河口螺科物种里的微小贝[2]。
河口螺属
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科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 软体动物门 Mollusca |
| 纲： | 腹足纲 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha |
| 科： | 河口螺科 Iravadiidae |
| 属： | 河口螺属 Iravadia Blanford, 1867[1] |
| 模式种 | |
| Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867 | |
| 异名[2] | |
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这些微细的蜗牛栖息于潮湿的环境，例如：腐烂的植被，而且距离海洋的边沿很近。它们能够忍受当涨潮时被涌上岸的咸水洗刷。Vaught (1989)把本属物种列为淡水物种[5]。
分布 编辑
本属物种分布于日本沿海、香港、台湾、澳洲、印度、新西兰、阿拉伯、法国等地区[6]。
分类学 编辑
William Thomas Blanford于1867年建立本属，当时属于麂眼螺科[1]。
物种 编辑
本属物种计有：
- 细纹河口螺
- Iravadia angulata (Laseron, 1956)
- Iravadia aristaei (Melvill, 1912)
- Iravadia atemeles (Melvill, 1912)
- 柏衲埃列螺 Iravadia bombayana (Stoliczka, 1868)
- Iravadia capitata (Laseron, 1956)
- Iravadia carpentariensis (Hedley, 1912)
- Iravadia cochinchinensis (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1910)
- Iravadia delicata (Philippi, 1849)
- Iravadia densilabrum (Melvill, 1912)
- † Iravadia dolini Lozouet, 2003[7]
- Iravadia elongata (Hornung & Mermod, 1928)
- Iravadia expansilabrum Ponder, 1984
- Iravadia gemmata Ponder, 1984
- Iravadia goliath (Laseron, 1956)
- Iravadia ictriella (Melvill, 1910)
- Iravadia inflata (Ponder, 1967)
- 锦绣埃列螺 Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867：模式种[7][3]
- Iravadia padangensis (Thiele, 1925)
- Iravadia pilbara Golding, 2014
- Iravadia profundior Ponder, 1984
- 方格河口螺 Iravadia quadrasi (O. Boettger, 1893)
- Iravadia quadrina (Laseron, 1956)
- Iravadia rohdei (Brandt, 1968)
- Iravadia sublaevis (Laseron, 1956)
- Iravadia subquadrata (Laseron, 1950)
- Iravadia tenuilirata (Boettger, 1893)
- Iravadia yendoi (Yokoyama, 1927)
- 异名：
- Iravadia annandalei Preston, 1916: synonym of Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867
- 澳洲金环螺 Iravadia australis Hedley, 1900[8][9]：今作Pellamora australis (Hedley, 1901)，属皮拉螺属。
- Iravadia bella (A. Adams, 1853): synonym of Iravadia delicata (Philippi, 1849)
- Iravadia elegantula (A. Adams, 1861): synonym of Fluviocingula elegantula (A. Adams, 1861)
- Iravadia ennurensis Preston, 1916: synonym of Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867
- Iravadia funerea Preston, 1916: synonym of Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867
- Iravadia mahimensis (Melvill, 1893): synonym of Pseudomerelina mahimensis (Melvill, 1893)
- 环纹河口螺 Iravadia reflecta Laseron, 1956[10]：今作Pellamora reflecta (Laseron, 1956)，属皮拉螺属。
- Iravadia nipponica (Kuroda & Habe, 1954): synonym of Fluviocingula nipponica Kuroda & Habe, 1954
- Iravadia princeps Preston, 1915: synonym of Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867
- Iravadia resima (Laseron, 1956): synonym of Fluviocingula resima (Laseron, 1956)
- Iravadia reticulata Brandt, 1968: synonym of Iravadia quadrasi (O. Boettger, 1893)
- Iravadia sakaguchii (Kuroda & Habe, 1954): synonym of Wakauraia sakaguchii (Kuroda & Habe, 1954)
- Iravadia trochlearis (Gould, 1861): synonym of Stosicia annulata (Dunker, 1859)
- Iravadia tuberculata Brandt, 1974: synonym of Iravadia mahimensis (Melvill, 1893)
参考文献 编辑
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Blanford W. T. (1867). "Contributions to Indian Malacology, No. VIII. List of Estuary shells collected in the delta of the Irawady, in Pegu, with descriptions of the new species". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 36(2): 51-72, page 56, plate 2, figure 13-14.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Iravadia Blanford, 1867. WoRMS. [2012-08-12].
- ^ 3.0 3.1 国际贝库：锦绣埃列螺. 台湾贝类资料库. [2020-12-30]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04） （中文（繁体））.
- ^ 张素萍. 黃渤海軟體動物圖志. 科学出版社. 2016-03-01 [2020-12-30]. ISBN 9787030471406. （原始内容存档于2019-06-19） （中文（简体））.
- ^ Vaught, K. C. R. Tucker Abbott; Kenneth J. Boss , 编. A classification of the living mollusca. 1989 （英语）.
- ^ Template:Shelldoc 000295
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Lozouet P. (2003). "A new species of Iravadia s.s. (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Iravadiidae) from the late Oligocene of the Aquitaine Basin (southern France). The earliest record of brackish-water Iravadiidae?". Geodiversitas 25(2): 237-242. PDF （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- ^ 澳洲金環螺 Iravadia australis Hedley, 1900. 台湾生物多样性资讯机构（TaiBIF）. [2013-01-24] （中文（台湾））.
- ^ 澳洲金环螺 Iravadia australis Hedley, 1900. 台湾物种名录. 台湾: 中央研究院生物多样性研究中心 （中文（台湾））.
- ^ 国际贝库：环纹河口螺. 台湾贝类资料库. [2009-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.