副球霉菌病
副球霉菌病（Paracoccidioidomycosis）又称副球孢子菌病、南美芽生菌病[1]与巴西芽生菌病[2]，是副球孢子菌属真菌（巴西副球孢子菌与Paracoccidioides lutzii[7]，皆为双态性真菌[8]）感染所致的疾病，由吸入孢子造成感染[5]。此病症状多样，包括皮肤粘膜型（口腔溃疡）、淋巴型与多重器官型[1][5]，许多感染者无症状[9]，有症状者包括口腔与皮肤溃疡、发烧、体重下降、淋巴结肿大、肝脾肿大与败血症等[3][6]，症状可能与结核病、淋巴瘤与白血病类似[3]。
| 副球霉菌病 | |
|---|---|
| 同义词 | 副球孢子菌病、南美芽生菌病[1]、巴西芽生菌病[2] |
 | |
| 副球霉菌病患者的组织病理图像 | |
| 症状 | 发热、体重下降、淋巴结肿大、肝脾肿大、败血症、口腔溃疡、皮肤溃疡[3][4] |
| 类型 | 皮肤粘膜型、淋巴型与多重器官型[1] |
| 肇因 | 巴西副球孢子菌或Paracoccidioides lutzii感染[3] |
| 诊断方法 | 血液、痰或皮肤样本[3] |
| 相似疾病或共病 | 结核病、白血病、淋巴瘤[3] |
| 治疗 | 抗真菌药[5] |
| 药物 | 伊曲康唑、两性霉素B[5]、复方新诺明[6] |
| 死亡数 | 每年约200人死亡（巴西）[1] |
| 分类和外部资源 | |
| 医学专科 | 传染病 |
| ICD-11 | 1F2E |
| ICD-9-CM | 116.1 |
| DiseasesDB | 29815 |
| eMedicine | 224628 |
| Orphanet | 73260 |
副球霉菌病的诊断可借由病人血液与痰等样本经组织学染色判断。此病一般使用伊曲康唑治疗，重症者可先施以两性霉素B再使用伊曲康唑，或者使用复方新诺明治疗[1][6]。
副球霉菌病为一种被忽视热带病[7]，流行于中南美洲的乡村地区[10]，有研究估计有多达75%的疫区人口（1000万人）为无症状感染者，约2%的人出现症状[11]，多数感染者为男性农民[12]，抽烟、喝酒与免疫缺乏者的感染风险更高[13]。有80%的病例来自巴西，该国每年有约200人因副球霉菌病感染而死亡[1]，其余病例则多来自哥伦比亚、委内瑞拉与阿根廷[13]。美国、欧洲与日本也曾有病例出现，皆为自疫区旅游归来者[13]。
参考文献 编辑
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac. 13. Diseases resulting from fungi and yeasts. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology 13th. Elsevier. 2019: 313–314. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6 （英语）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L., Dermatology: 2-Volume Set, St. Louis: Mosby, 2007, ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 ICD-11 - ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. icd.who.int. [26 June 2021].
- ^ Johnstone, Ronald B. 25. Mycoses and Algal infections. Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials 2nd. Elsevier. 2017: 451. ISBN 978-0-7020-6830-0.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Barlow, Gavin; Irving, Irving; moss, Peter J. 20. Infectious diseases. Feather, Adam; Randall, David; Waterhouse, Mona (编). Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine 10th. Elsevier. 2020: 561. ISBN 978-0-7020-7870-5 （英语）.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Proia, Laurie. 28. The dimorphic mycoses. Spec, Andrej; Escota, Gerome V.; Chrisler, Courtney; Davies, Bethany (编). Comprehensive Review of Infectious Diseases. Elsevier. 2020: 419–420. ISBN 978-0-323-56866-1 （英语）.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Queiroz-Telles, Flavio; Fahal, Ahmed Hassan; Falci, Diego R; Caceres, Diego H; Chiller, Tom; Pasqualotto, Alessandro C. Neglected endemic mycoses. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. November 2017, 17 (11): e367–e377. PMID 28774696. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30306-7.
- ^ Salgado-Salazar, Catalina; Jones, Leandro R.; Restrepo, Ángela; McEwen, Juan G. The human fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Onygenales: Ajellomycetaceae) is a complex of two species: phylogenetic evidence from five mitochondrial markers. Cladistics. 2010-11-10, 26 (2010): 613–624. ISSN 1096-0031. PMID 34879597. S2CID 84410217. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00307.x
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- ^ Queiroz-Telles, Flavio; Escuissato, Dante. Pulmonary Paracoccidioidomycosis. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. December 2011, 32 (6): 764–774. ISSN 1069-3424. PMID 22167404. S2CID 260319905. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1295724.
- ^ Marques, Silvio Alencar. Paracoccidioidomycosis: epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and treatment up-dating. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. October 2013, 88 (5): 700–711. ISSN 0365-0596. PMC 3798345 . PMID 24173174. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132463.
- ^ Travassos, Luiz R; Taborda, Carlos P; Colombo, Arnaldo L. Treatment options for paracoccidioidomycosis and new strategies investigated. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. April 2008, 6 (2): 251–262. ISSN 1478-7210. PMID 18380607. S2CID 41184245. doi:10.1586/14787210.6.2.251.
- ^ Restrepo, Angela; Tobón, Angela M.; Agudelo, Carlos A., Paracoccidioidomycosis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Mycoses, Infectious Disease, Humana Press: 331–342, 2008, ISBN 9781588298225, doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-325-7_18
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Martinez, Roberto. Epidemiology of Paracoccidioidomycosis. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. September 2015, 57 (suppl 19): 11–20. ISSN 0036-4665. PMC 4711199 . PMID 26465364. doi:10.1590/S0036-46652015000700004.
