围攻希法医院
希法医院是加沙地带最大的医疗中心,2023年11月以色列—哈玛斯战争期间,以色列称希法医院内藏有哈玛斯的指挥部而将其包围。11月11日,希法医院被以色列军队完全包围,与外界切断联系,加萨卫生部指当时院内有约1500名病人、1500名医护人员以及15000名在院内避难的难民[10][11]。以色列与美国声称医院地下藏有哈玛斯的指挥中心,哈玛斯与医院方均否认此事[12][13],院方并邀请国际社会派遣安全人员入院搜查以反驳以色列指控[14]。
围攻希法医院 [1][2] | |||||||
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加沙围城战的一部分 | |||||||
![]() 包围示意图 | |||||||
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/SoI-War_23-10-27_IDF_07-03.jpg/220px-SoI-War_23-10-27_IDF_07-03.jpg)
11月15日,以色列军队进入希法医院,并表示确实在院内发现了哈玛斯的指挥部[15]。BBC与CNN等媒体均发现以色列军方发布的影片内容前后不自洽,且疑似有剪接痕迹[16][17],多家媒体指以色列发布的资讯不准确或经过变造[18][19]。11月22日以色列发布影片指医院地下发现多条地道[20],《华尔街日报》与《卫报》皆指此与以方最早声称的“医院中有指挥部”不符[21][22]。以色列又公布医院闭路电视录像,显示有两名己方人质被带入医院中[23]。12月21日,《华盛顿邮报》分析指出以方公布的地道实际上并不与医院相连[24]。2024年1月2日,美国发布机密文件显示希法医院曾被用作哈马斯指挥中心[25],隔日以色列又称成功摧毁医院下的一条地道[26],但有媒体反驳指此两者皆不能作为医院被用作军事用途的确凿证据[27][28]。11月24日,以色列军队在双方达成暂时停火协议后撤出希法医院[8]。
以色列对医院的进攻与未能发现医院的军事设施都招致大量批评[29][30][31][32],联合国人权事务高级专员办事处专员福尔克尔·蒂尔克呼吁对此事展开独立调查[33]。国际法规定交战双方只有在医院被用作军事用途,且对己方带来伤害时才能将其作为攻击目标[34]。以色列被控以资讯战以开脱自己攻击医院、违反国际法的责任,希法医院的医护人员也指以色列的攻击直接造成院中新生儿等病患的死亡[35]。世界卫生组织秘书长谭德塞表示“医院不是战场,以色列的行为完全无法令人接受”[36]。
2024年3月18日,以色列方面以希法医院内存在哈马斯领导人为由袭击希法医院,[37]以色列方面表示此次进攻造成1名以色列士兵死亡,20名巴勒斯坦武装分子死亡。[38][39]
2024年3月20日,以色列国防军表示其继续在希法医院开展军事行动,而且已击毙90名武装人员并逮捕160人。[40][41]3月21日,以色列国防军又宣布在希法医院打死50名武装人员,以方在该医院打死的哈马斯武装人员总数达到140人,后来又改口称打死170人、200人。[42][43][44]以色列还命令巴勒斯坦人撤离希法医院。[45]哈马斯则表示在过去的几小时内,以军对希法医院的袭击已导致13名病人死亡。[46]多名患者因缺乏医疗用品而死亡。[47]世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞表示,自以色列袭击希法医院以来,世卫组织已经和希法医院失去联系。[48]哈马斯和杰哈德表示,他们的确在希法医院附近和以色列军队作战。[43]3月30日,以色列军方表示在希法医院的军事行动中打死了两名哈马斯高级领导人。[49]4月1日,以色列军方宣布,以军部队已完成在希法医院一带的作战活动,并撤离了医院范围。加沙卫生部表示,以军撤离前放火烧毁希法医院建筑物,导致医院完全停运;医院内和周围发现了数十具尸体,其中一些已经腐烂。[5]世界卫生组织同样表示,以色列军队对希法医院的围攻已摧毁该医院。[50]
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