小提琴结构
小提琴
琴弦
编辑小提琴的琴弦是在琴桥和弦枕上被拉长,而尾部是固定的,因此能制造出驻波 。其基本频率 和和音 会因弦的物料、张力、长度、质量、弹性 等因素的优劣而受影响和音色。
琴桥
编辑琴桥支撑琴弦中后部。它一定要在约20磅的下压力下固定地站立。而琴弦的倾斜度也影响琴桥所承受的下压力,因此琴弦的倾斜度通常会被设为158°。
琴弓
编辑琴弦的震动主要为琴弓与琴弦间的摩擦。琴弓的弓毛通常以马毛为素材,而弓身通常会由木头或合成物质如玻璃纤维或碳纤维合成物。现代琴弓的长度、重量和平衡点都有标准的。当你使用不同的弓拉奏小提琴时,亦会有不同的音色及握弓时的手感。
琴身
编辑琴身主要作用为共鸣箱,扩大琴弦的震动以使声音能被人听见。琴身必须够坚固以承托来自琴弦的张力,但同时又要够轻和够薄才能稳定地震动。琴身主要由两块拱形的木板,面板和底板组成,而两旁是以较薄且弯曲的木条组成。在琴身内有一个音柱,作用为将声波由面板传到底板。
参考文献
编辑- Hutchins, M. 1962. The Physics of Music. Scientific American, W. H. Freeman and Company, 1974.
- Hutchins, M. The Acoustics of Violin Plates. Scientific American, vol 245, No. 4. Oct 1981
参考
编辑
延伸阅读
编辑- Askenfelt, A. Observations on the violin bow and the interaction with the string (PDF). STL-QPSR. 1995, 36 (2–3): 23–42. S2CID 17812511. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-03-07).
- Bissinger, George. The violin bridge as filter. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2006, 120 (1): 482–491 [2021-06-06]. Bibcode:2006ASAJ..120..482B. PMID 16875244. doi:10.1121/1.2207576. (原始内容存档于2021-06-06).
- Cremer, Lothar. Physics of the Violin (translation of Physik der Geige by John S. Allen). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-262-03102-8.
- Raman, C.V. On the mechanical theory of vibrations of bowed strings and of musical instruments of the violin family. Indian Association of the Cultivation of Science. 1918.
- Saunders, F.A. (October 1937). "The mechanical action of violins", in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 81–98. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (May 2020)
- Savart, Félix. Mémoire sur la construction des instrumens à cordes et à archets. Paris: Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret. 1819 [2021-06-06]. OCLC 24148967. (原始内容存档于2021-06-06). (in French)
- Schelleng, John C. The bowed string and the player. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. January 1973, 53 (1): 26–41 [2021-06-06]. Bibcode:1973ASAJ...53...26S. doi:10.1121/1.1913322. (原始内容存档于2022-01-21). (May 2020)
外部链接
编辑- William F. Fry: A Physicist's Quest for the "Secrets" of Stradivari (Wisconsin academy review) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Path Through the Woods - The Use of Medical Imaging in Examining Historical Instruments The use of computer aided tomography to examine the dendochronology (wood density) of the great Italian instruments in order to replicate their acoustics in modern instruments.