瑟尔科南人种族灭绝
瑟尔科南人种族灭绝是指火地群岛的原住民部落瑟尔科南人在19世纪末至20世纪初遭到的种族灭绝事件。史学家估计,整场种族灭绝共历时10至20年,导致瑟尔科南部落人口从1880年代的大约4000人减少至1900年代初期的几百人[1]。
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Popper_en_caceria.jpg/250px-Popper_en_caceria.jpg)
19世纪末,在智利和阿根廷政府的支持下,欧洲和南美洲的畜牧公司开始在大火地岛上建立大型牧场,再加上火地群岛淘金潮的影响,岛上的原住民流离失所,生活遭受严重影响。由于外来者和原住民之间爆发了暴力冲突,来自欧洲和南美洲其他地方的猎人、牧场工人、金矿工人以及士兵开始对瑟尔科南人展开种族灭绝[2][3]。
畜牧公司雇佣其员工或第三方猎人来猎杀或抓捕瑟尔科南人。智利和阿根廷军队也参与了种族灭绝,并袭击瑟尔科南人。首先受到影响的是生活在大火地岛北部的瑟尔科南人,他们之后被迫南迁,进入岛屿南部的不适宜放牧牲畜的林区。最终,阿根廷和智利政府向天主教修会组织慈幼会颁发土地补助金,后者建立了数个传教组织,试图向余下的瑟尔科南人传播天主教,余下的瑟尔科南人又被遣送到了道森岛上。至1930年,只剩100名左右的瑟尔科南人存活[4]。
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