圣卡战役
圣卡战役（法语：Bataille de Saint-Cast）发生于1758年9月11日，是七年战争期间的一场战役，英国海陆远征军与法国海防部队在法国海岸中交战。
| 圣卡战役 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 七年战争的一部分 | |||||||
 尼古拉·奥赞的雕刻 | |||||||
| |||||||
| 参战方 | |||||||
 大不列颠 |
 法兰西王国[1] | ||||||
| 指挥官与领导者 | |||||||
|
托马斯·布莱 亚历山大·杜里 † 乔治·安森 理察·何奥 |
艾吉永公爵 | ||||||
| 兵力 | |||||||
|
10,000名士兵 32,000名水手 | 8,000-9,000名水手和民兵[2] | ||||||
| 伤亡与损失 | |||||||
|
2,300人伤亡[3][4] 800人被俘[5] | 300人伤亡 | ||||||
在七年战争期间，英国对法国本土和世界各地的法国属地进行了多次两栖远征。1758年开始，英国对法国北部海岸进行了多次远征，以占领并摧毁法国港口，将法国陆军从德意志地区转移，和压制法国的私掠船。此战的惨败导致其成为最后一场本土远征。
注脚 编辑
- ^
- "...the standard of France was white, sprinkled with golden fleur de lis..." （Ripley & Dana 1879，p.250）.
- On the reverse of this plate it says: "Le pavillon royal était véritablement le drapeau national au dix-huitième siecle...Vue du chateau d'arrière d'un vaisseau de guerre de haut rang portant le pavillon royal (blanc, avec les armes de France)" （Vinkhuijzen collection 2011）.
- "The oriflamme and the Chape de St Martin were succeeded at the end of the 16th century, when Henry III., the last of the house of Valois, came to the throne, by the white standard powdered with fleurs-de-lis. This in turn gave place to the famous tricolour" （Chisholm 1911，p.460）.
- ^ Revue anglo-française, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, pp. 45–46
- ^ Revue anglo-française, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, p. 47, " De trois mille hommes qui restaient encore à terre losque l'action commença, la moitié trouva la mort sur la champ de bataille, huit cents se noyèrent, sept cents furent faits prisonniers: pas seul ne rejoignit la flotte." – “上岸的三千人中……半数死于战斗，八百人溺亡，七百人被俘：没有一个人回到船上。”
- ^ London, Printed for E. and C. Dilly, 1770, p.40
- ^ AHistory of England, Vol III, p. 503
参考文献 编辑
- Chisholm, Hugh (编). Flag. Encyclopædia Britannica 10 (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press: 454–463. 1911.
- The Vinkhuijzen collection of military uniforms: France, 1750-1757. New York Public Library. 25 March 2011 [2004]. （原始内容存档于6 April 2015）.
- A soldier's journal containing a particular description of the several descents on the coast of France last war; with an entertaining account of the islands of Guadaloupe Dominique, &c. and also of the isles of Wight and Jersey. To which are annexed, Observations on the present state of the army of Great Britain., London, Printed for E. and C. Dilly, 1770. First hand account written by a private of the 68th Foot.
- A genuine narrative of the enterprise against the stores and shipping at St. Maloes, from the letters of a person of distinction in the service ... London, Printed for J. Staples, 1758.
- An Authentic Account of our last attempt on the Coast of France by an Officer who miraculously escaped being cut to pieces, by Swimming to a Boat at a considerable distance from the shore., London, 1758. Containing two first hand accounts of the battle.
- An Impartial Narrative of the Last Expedition to the Coast of France by an Eyewitness. London, 1758.
- Revue anglo-française, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836.
- Crucible of War, Anderson, Fred. New York, 2000, p. 303. ISBN 0-375-40642-5.
- History of England, The Revolution, Death of George the Second. Designed as a Continuation of Mr, Hume's History. T, Smollett,M.D. Vol.III, London, 1848.
- Origin and services of the Coldstream Guards, Daniel Mackinnon. London 1883, Vol.I.
- Origin and History of the First or Grenadier Guards, Lieutenant-General F.W.Hamilton, London, 1874, Vol. II.
- Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783, Vol II and Vol. III, Appendix, London, 1804, Robert Beatson.
- A History of the British Army, Fortescue J. W., MacMillan, London, 1899, Vol. II.
- The Seven Years War, Daniel Marsten, Osprey, Oxford, 2001, ISBN 1-84176-191-5
- The Military Experience in the Age of Reason, Duffy, Christopher, 1998, Wordsworth Editions Ltd., Hertfordshire, ISBN 1-85326-690-6
- History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, Duncan, Major Francis, London, 1879, Vol. 1.
- The Life of George, Lord Anson, Barrow, Sir John, London, 1889.
