衣索比亞語言聯盟

衣索比亞語言聯盟是Charles A. Ferguson(1970, 1976)提出的語言聯盟，包含一些音系和形態音素學上相近的語言，分布在衣索比亞和厄利垂亞，包括衣索比亞閃米特語支、庫希特語族和奧摩語族的一些語言，而不包括尼羅-撒哈拉語系語言。

其他學者之後指出了語言聯盟內部一些有共享特徵的小區域。(Appleyard 1989, Breeze 1988, Sasse 1986, Tosco 1994, Wedekind 1989)

最引人注意的特徵之一是動詞「說」可用於不可屈折詞根的屈折詞綴(Appleyard 2001, Cohen et al. 2002)。Hayward指出，詞彙化的模式在整片語區也很相似(1999, 2000)，Treis提供了更多例子(2010)。

Tosco早先說這個語言聯盟的成立是「板上釘釘的」(1994:415)，但他後來又大加批判了Ferguson的原文(2000)。他總結說，衣索比亞語言聯盟並不能成立，並認為Ferguson的論文反映了當時衣索比亞民族主義的政治導向，可見於Donald N. Levine的書《大衣索比亞：多民族社會的演化》。

Baye Yiman發現衣索比亞語言聯盟在語用學上的相似(1997)。

Güldemann提出，衣索比亞及其西部、西北部的語言普遍使用相似的助動詞。相似地，Cohen、Simeone-Senelle、Vanhove都觀察到「說」和「做」兩個動詞的語法化，並將其視作東非地區的區域特徵。

Wu Tong觀察到衣索比亞語言聯盟特有的前置關係從句。

Tolemariam Fufa Teso對語言聯盟內的各種語言進行了大規模比較研究。

該語言聯盟的存在與否仍有爭議。

參考

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