塞爾維亞軍事指揮官區
塞爾維亞軍事指揮官區是納粹德國在南斯拉夫戰役後在南斯拉夫設置的管轄區，並在當地設置軍政府。軍事指揮官區包括中塞爾維亞、科索沃北部（米特羅維察周邊地區）和巴納特地區[2]。納粹高層人物，如黨衛隊全國領袖海因里希·希姆萊、帝國元赫爾曼·戈林以及納粹德國外交部長約阿希姆·馮·里賓特洛甫都曾派直屬於自己的代表進駐這裡，令當地情況非常複雜。戰後，一些原指揮官區的德國以及塞爾維亞高級領導都在被判犯有戰爭罪後遭處決。
| 塞爾維亞軍事指揮官區 Gebiet des Militärbefehlshabers in Serbien | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1941—1944 | |||||||||
.svg) 國旗
.svg) 國徽
| |||||||||
 1942年的塞爾維亞軍事指揮官區 | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| 地位 | 納粹德國佔領區 | ||||||||
| 首都 | 貝爾格勒 | ||||||||
| 常用語言 | 德語 塞爾維亞語 | ||||||||
| 政府 | 軍政[a] | ||||||||
| 軍政長官 | |||||||||
• 1941 | Helmuth Förster | ||||||||
• 1941 | Ludwig von Schröder (Luftwaffe) | ||||||||
• 1941 | Heinrich Danckelmann | ||||||||
• 1941 | 弗朗茨·博梅 | ||||||||
• 1941–1943 | Paul Bader | ||||||||
• 1943–1944 | Hans Felber | ||||||||
| 民政長官 | |||||||||
• 1941 | Milan Aćimović | ||||||||
• 1941–1944 | 米蘭·內迪奇 | ||||||||
| 歷史時期 | 第二次世界大戰 | ||||||||
• 建立 | 1941 | ||||||||
• 貝爾格勒攻勢（滅亡） | 1944 | ||||||||
| 人口 | |||||||||
• 1941[1] | 4,500,000 | ||||||||
| 貨幣 | 塞爾維亞第納爾 國家馬克 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| 今屬於 | 塞爾維亞 科索沃[b] | ||||||||
參考文獻
編輯- ^ Lemkin 2008，第248頁.
- ^ Tomasevich 2001，第64頁.
書籍
編輯- Argyle, Christopher. Chronology of World War II. New York: Exeter Books. 1980. ISBN 0-89673-071-9.
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- Bailey, Ronald H. Partisans and Guerrillas 12. New York: Time-Life Books. 1980. ISBN 978-0-7835-5719-9.
- Benz, Wolfgang. The Holocaust: A German Historian Examines the Genocide. New York: Columbia University Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-231-11215-4.
- Browning, Christopher H. The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942. University of Nebraska Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-8032-5979-9.
- Browning, Christopher. The Origins of the Final Solution. London, England: Cornerstone Digital. 2014. ISBN 978-1-4481-6586-5.
- Bugajski, Janusz. Political Parties of Eastern Europe: A Guide to Politics in the Post-Communist Era. Armonk: Sharpe. 2002. ISBN 1-56324-676-7.
- Byford, Jovan, The Collaborationist Administration and the Treatment of the Jews in Nazi-occupied Serbia, Ramet, Sabrina P.; Listhaug, Ola (編), Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two, London: Palgrave Macmillan: 109–127, 2011, ISBN 978-0230278301
- Byford, Jovan. Willing Bystanders: Dimitrije Ljotić, "Shield Collaboration" and the Destruction of Serbia's Jews. Haynes, Rebecca; Rady, Martyn (編). In the Shadow of Hitler: Personalities of the Right in Central and Eastern Europe. 倫敦: I.B.Tauris. 2012. ISBN 978-1-84511-697-2.
- Ćirković, Simo C. Ko je ko u Nedićevoj Srbiji 1941–1944. Belgrade: IPS MEDIA. 2009. ISBN 978-86-7274-388-3 （塞爾維亞-克羅埃西亞語）.
- Cohen, Philip J. Serbia's Secret War: Propaganda and the Deceit of History
. 大學城 (德克薩斯州): Texas A&M University Press. 1996. ISBN 0-89096-760-1. - Cox, John. The History of Serbia. The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. 2002. ISBN 978-0-313-31290-8.
- Deroc, Milan. British Special Operations Explored: Yugoslavia in Turmoil 1941–1943 and the British Response. East European Monographs. New York: Coloumbia University Press. 1988. ISBN 978-0-88033-139-5.
- Dobrich, Momcilo. Belgrade's Best: The Serbian Volunteer Corps, 1941–1945. New York: Axis Europa Books. 2000. ISBN 978-1-891227-38-7.
- Gutman, Israel. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 2. New York: Macmillan Publishing. 1995. ISBN 9780028645278.
- Haynes, Rebecca; Rady, Martyn. In the Shadow of Hitler: Personalities of the Right in Central and Eastern Europe. I.B. Tauris. 2011. ISBN 978-1-84511-697-2.
- Hehn, Paul N. The German Struggle Against Yugoslav Guerillas in World War II. New York: Columbia University Press. 1979.
- Klajn, Lajčo. The Past in Present Times: The Yugoslav Saga. New York: University Press of America. 2007. ISBN 978-0-7618-3647-6.
- Krakov, Stanislav. Генерал Милан Недић [General Milan Nedić]. Munich, West Germany: Iskra. 1963. OCLC 7336721 （塞爾維亞語）.
- Kroener, Bernard R.; Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans (編). Germany and the Second World War, Volume 5: Organization and Mobilization of the German Sphere of Power. Part I. Wartime Administration, Economy, and Manpower Resources 1939-1941 5. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-822887-5.
- Kroener, Bernard R.; Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans (編). Germany and the Second World War, Volume 5: Organization and Mobilization of the German Sphere of Power. Part II. Wartime Administration, Economy, and Manpower Resources 1942-1944/5 5. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-19-820873-0.
- Lauterpacht, Elihu; Greenwood, C. J.; Oppenheimer, A. G. (編). International Law Reports 112. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-521-64242-2.
- Lemkin, Raphael. Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. London: Lawbook Exchange. 2008. ISBN 9781584779018.
- Lumans, Valdis O. Himmler's Auxiliaries: The Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle and the German National Minorities of Europe, 1933–1945. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-8078-2066-7.
- Manoschek, Walter. "Serbien ist judenfrei": Militarische Besatzungspolitik und Judenvernichtung in Serbien 1941/42 2nd. Munich: Oldenbourg Verlag. 1995. ISBN 9783486561371 （德語）.
- Margolian, Howard. Unauthorized Entry: The Truth about Nazi War Criminals in Canada, 1946–1956. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2000.
- Milazzo, Matteo J. The Chetnik Movement & the Yugoslav Resistance. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1975. ISBN 978-0-8018-1589-8.
- Milosavljević, Olivera. Potisnuta istina – Kolaboracija u Srbiji 1941–1944. (PDF). Belgrade: Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia. 2006 （塞爾維亞-克羅埃西亞語）.
- Mojzes, Paul. Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the 20th Century. Plymouth: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. 2011. ISBN 9781442206632.
- Norris, David A. Belgrade: A Cultural History. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-19-970452-1.
- Pavlowitch, Stevan K. Serbia: The History behind the Name. London: Hurst & Company. 2002. ISBN 9781850654773.
- Pavlowitch, Stevan K. Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia. New York: Columbia University Press. 2008. ISBN 9780231700504.
- Ramet, Sabrina P. The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-253-34656-8.
- Ramet, Sabrina P.; Lazić, Sladjana. The Collaborationist Regime of Milan Nedić. Ramet, Sabrina P.; Listhaug, Ola (編). Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 2011: 17–43. ISBN 978-0230278301.
- Savković, Miroslav. Kinematografija u Srbiji tokom Drugog svetskog rata 1941–1945.. Belgrade: Ibis. 1994 （塞爾維亞-克羅埃西亞語）.
- Shepherd, Ben. Terror in the Balkans: German Armies and Partisan Warfare. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2012. ISBN 978-0-674-04891-1.
- Stein, George H. The Waffen SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War, 1939–45 . Ithaca, New York: Cornell UP. 1984. ISBN 0-8014-9275-0.
- Tasovac, Ivo. American Foreign Policy and Yugoslavia, 1939–1941 . College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-89096-897-0.
- Thomas, Nigel; Mikulan, Krunoslav. Axis Forces in Yugoslavia 1941–45. New York: Osprey Publishing. 1995. ISBN 978-1-85532-473-2.
- Tomasevich, Jozo. Yugoslavia During the Second World War. Vucinich, Wayne S. (編). Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment . University of California Press. 1969: 59–118.
- Tomasevich, Jozo. War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 1975. ISBN 978-0-8047-0857-9.
- Tomasevich, Jozo. War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3615-2.
- Udovički, Jasminka; Ridgeway, James. Burn This House: The Making and Unmaking of Yugoslavia. Duke University Press. 1997. ISBN 0-8223-1997-7.
- Weitz, Eric D. A Century of Genocide: Utopias of Race and Nation. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-1-40082-550-9.
- Wolff, Robert. The Balkans in Our Time. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1974. ISBN 978-0-393-09010-9.
期刊
編輯- Hehn, Paul N. Serbia, Croatia and Germany 1941–1945: Civil War and Revolution in the Balkans. Canadian Slavonic Papers (University of Alberta). 1971, 13 (4): 344–373. JSTOR 40866373. doi:10.1080/00085006.1971.11091249.
- Portmann, Michael; Suppan, Arnold. Serbien und Montenegro im Zweiten Weltkrieg (1941 – 1944/45). Österreichische Osthefte (Zeitschrift für Mittel-, Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung). 2006, 47: 265–296. ISSN 0029-9375 （德語）.[永久失效連結]
- Janjetović, Zoran. Borders of the German occupation zone in Serbia 1941–1944 (PDF). Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic (Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts). 2012, 62 (2): 93–115. doi:10.2298/IJGI1202093J
. - Trifkovic, Gaj. The Key to the Balkans: The Battle for Serbia 1944. The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 2015, 28 (3): 524–555. S2CID 141603073. doi:10.1080/13518046.2015.1061825.
網站
編輯- Đaković, Tanja Nikolić. Milan Nedić i knez Pavle ponovo dele Srbiju. Blic. 12 July 2008 （塞爾維亞-克羅埃西亞語）.
- Niehorster, Dr. Leo. Armed Forces Commander South East Commanding General in Serbia 22 June 1941. Dr. Leo Niehorster. 2015a [31 May 2015].
- Niehorster, Dr. Leo. Infantry Division (15th Wave) 22 June 1941. Dr. Leo Niehorster. 2015b [1 June 2015].
- Niehorster, Dr. Leo. 12th Army LXVth Special Corps Command 22 June 1941. Dr. Leo Niehorster. 2015c [31 May 2015].