庫茲涅茨周期

庫茲涅茨周期(英語:Kuznets swing / Kuznets cycle)是西蒙·庫茲涅茨在1930年發現的中等長度的經濟周期,長為15–25年。[1]庫茲涅茨把這些周期與人口過程聯繫在一起,特別是與移民流入/流出以及它們引起的建築建設強度變化聯繫在一起,因此這種周期也稱為「人口」或「建築」周期。也有人將庫茲涅茨周期解釋為基礎設施投資周期。[2]

一些現代經濟評論家認為,庫茲涅茨的變化反映了土地價值的18年周期。[3][4]弗雷德·哈里森英語Fred Harrison認為,可以通過對土地價值徵收年度稅(地價稅)來平滑或完全避免這種繁榮與蕭條的循環。[5]

庫茲涅茨的分析受到豪銳(Howrey,1968)的批評。[6]豪銳稱,庫茲涅茨發現的表觀上的景氣循環是他選用的「濾波器」造成的假象。豪銳提出,當使用庫茲涅茨濾波器時,白雜訊序列中也出出現相同的周期性模式。[7]不過,庫茲涅茨的主張,即使不使用庫茲涅茨濾波器也可以在全球GDP動態中發現波動。[8]

參考文獻 編輯

  1. ^ Kuznets S. Secular Movements in Production and Prices. Their Nature and their Bearing upon Cyclical Fluctuations. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1930.
  2. ^ See, e.g., Forrester J. W. New Perspectives on Economic Growth. Alternatives to Growth – A Search for Sustainable Futures / Ed. by D. L. Meadows. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1977. P. 107–121; Korotayev, Andrey V., & Tsirel, Sergey V. A Spectral Analysis of World GDP Dynamics: Kondratieff Waves, Kuznets Swings, Juglar and Kitchin Cycles in Global Economic Development, and the 2008–2009 Economic Crisis頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Structure and Dynamics. 2010. Vol.4. #1. P.3-57.
  3. ^ The Great 18-Year Real Estate Cycle. Cato Institute. 2010-01-22 [2020-03-31]. (原始內容存檔於2018-10-26). 
  4. ^ Why we must halt the land cycle. Financial Times. [2020-03-31]. (原始內容存檔於2020-03-17). 
  5. ^ Harrison, Fred. Fred Harrison: Want to get rid of boom and bust? Tax land, not income. The Guardian. 2005-04-11 [2020-03-31]. (原始內容存檔於2020-05-16). 
  6. ^ Howrey, E. "A spectrum analysis of the long swing hypothesis." International Economic Review. 9:228-252. 1968.
  7. ^ Cogley, Timothy and Nason, James M. "Effects of the Hodrick-Prescott filter on trend and difference stationary time series: implications for business cycle research." in Real Business Cycles: A Reader. eds. James Hartley, Kevin Hoover, and Kevin D. Salyer. 1998. p. 636.
  8. ^ Korotayev, Andrey V., & Tsirel, Sergey V. A Spectral Analysis of World GDP Dynamics: Kondratieff Waves, Kuznets Swings, Juglar and Kitchin Cycles in Global Economic Development, and the 2008–2009 Economic Crisis頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Structure and Dynamics. 2010. Vol.4. #1. P.3-57.