1948年摩洛哥反猶暴動
1948年6月7日至8日，法屬摩洛哥東北部的烏季達和傑拉達發生了反猶太人暴動。在這場暴動中，有43名猶太人和1名法國人被當地穆斯林殺害，約150人受傷[1]。
背景 編輯
暴動始於一名猶太理髮師試圖攜帶炸藥進入阿爾及利亞。當時大批來自摩洛哥各個地區的猶太復國主義青年秘密越過邊界，試圖通過阿爾及利亞前往巴勒斯坦。烏季達的穆斯林居民對猶太人離開烏季達移民至巴勒斯坦非常不滿，當地穆斯林認為所有前往巴勒斯坦的猶太人都是以色列的軍事人員[2]。此外摩洛哥國王穆罕默德五世就第一次中東戰爭發表的反猶太復國主義言論也是引發暴動的重要因素[3]。
暴動 編輯
烏季達首先發生暴動，由於烏季達靠近阿爾及利亞邊境（阿爾及利亞當時是法國本土的一部分)，烏季達當時是猶太復國主義者離開摩洛哥前往巴勒斯坦的重要中轉站，在軍隊抵達該地之前的3個小時內，有5名猶太人被殺，30人受傷。鄰近的傑拉達發生更為嚴重的暴動，造成39人死亡[4]。
後果 編輯
暴動的發生反而促使更多摩洛哥猶太人移民至以色列。1949年有18 000名摩洛哥猶太人前往以色列，1948年至1956年期間，摩洛哥境內的250 000名猶太人中有110 000人離開摩洛哥[5]。
參考文獻 編輯
- ^ Andrew G. Bostom. The legacy of Islamic antisemitism: from sacred texts to solemn history. Prometheus Books. 2008: 160 [6 March 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-07）.
- ^ Mandel 2014.
- ^ Dalit Atrakchi (2001). "The Moroccan Nationalist Movement and Its Attitude toward Jews and Zionism". In Michael M. Laskier and Yaacov Lev. The Divergence of Judaism and Islam. University Press of Florida. p. 163.: "...the riots that broke out on 7 June 1948 in the cities of Oujda and Jerada, close to the border between Morocco and Algeria, which served as a transfer station for Moroccan Jews on their way to Israel... It is believed that the riots were brought on by the speech given a short while earlier by Sultan Muḥammad Ben-Yussuf, which inveighed against the Zionists and cried for solidarity with the Arabs fighting in Israel. Claims have been made that the French authorities not only knew about these impending events but also goaded and collaborated with the instigators as a provocation against the heads of the Moroccan Independence Party, who could later be blamed for committing murder."
- ^ André Chouraqui (2002), "Between East and West: A History of the Jews of North Africa". ISBN 1-59045-118-X, "Finally, on June 7, the crowd, sparked off by a minor incident, poured into the Jewish quarter. In the three hours that passed before the army could control the mob, five people (including one Frenchman) had been killed, thirty had been severely injured, shops and homes had been sacked. The same night an even more serious riot occurred in the neighboring mining town of Djérada where the Jewish population, consisting of about a hundred souls, had been surrounded by an uncontrollable mob and attacked with outrageous savagery. Neither children nor old men were spared; thirty-nine Jews lost their lives, thirty were severely injured and others less severely so."
- ^ Green, David B. This Day in Jewish History / Anti-Jewish Rioting in Morocco Leaves 44 Dead. Haaretz. 8 June 2014 [6 May 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-18） （英語）.