维基百科

川普致電拉芬斯伯格

唐納德·J·特朗普在任美國總統時致電喬治亞州州務卿布拉德·拉芬斯佩格要求為他「尋找選票」以求推翻喬治亞州的2020年美國總統選舉投票結果

2021年1月2日，在長達一個小時的電話會議中，時任美國總統唐納·川普向佐治亞州州務卿布拉德·拉芬斯佩格（英语：Brad Raffensperger）施加壓力，要求其更改2020年美國總統大選以來該州的選票總數。特朗普在大選中被喬·拜登擊敗，但特朗普一直不承認選舉結果[1]，並與其支持者進行了各式各樣試圖推翻大選結果（英语：Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election）的運動，例如提出超過80宗法律訴訟、呼籲支持者向國會議員施壓、向主持統計選舉人團票數的副總統邁克·彭斯施壓等。在致電拉芬斯佩格之前，特朗普就已經反覆向至少三個他輸掉的搖擺州的官員要求重新點算各州的選民投票結果、將部分選民票作廢、或將在州選民投票中贏得投票權的民主黨選舉人替換成支持自己的共和黨選舉人。拉芬斯佩格在與特朗普通話的翌日將電話錄音提交給《華盛頓郵報》報導並獲得其他媒體轉載[2][3][4]。

Brad Raffensperger wearing a grey suit with a name tag.
Official portrait of Donald Trump wearing a navy blue suit and smiling in front of the United States flag.
布拉德·拉芬斯佩格（左）與
唐納德·特朗普（右）

根據被公開的電話錄音，特朗普多次要求拉芬斯佩格「尋找11000張選票」，儘管拉芬斯佩格和他的法律顧問瑞安·爵曼尼（Ryan Germany）重複地指選舉並沒有任何舞弊跡象，並否定了特朗普提出諸如選票被篡改、扔掉、重複統計等的不實指控[5]。特朗普甚至指如果拉芬斯佩格和爵曼尼不按照他的意思指正選舉舞弊，「這對你和瑞安，你的律師，都是個重大危機[原文 1]」，其語氣被一些時事評論員和政治家認為是強人所難或具有威脅性，而法律專家則認為特朗普在這次電話對話中的言行有機會觸犯了州和聯邦法律[6]。

2021年1月11日，特朗普因为国会在統計選舉人團票時遭冲击而被众议院第二次弹劾，這次電話事件亦被引用到彈劾議案中[7]。2021年2月，喬治亞州富爾頓縣地區檢察辦公室對這次事件連同更早前共和黨政要林賽·格雷厄姆致電拉芬斯佩格展開刑事調查。2023年8月14日，喬治亞州的大陪審團正式通過富爾頓縣地區檢察官提出對特朗普和18名同謀（co-conspirator）有組織敲詐勒索罪（英语：Racketeering）和詐騙罪等刑事指控，本次電話對話內容正是指控書的重心之一，成為特朗普第四次遭到的刑事撿控[8]。

事件背景 编辑

在2020年美國總統選舉中民主黨的候選人喬·拜登擊敗了尋求連任、代表共和黨的唐納德·特朗普成為第46屆美國總統，其中在過往歷史上偏共和黨的喬治亞州的選民投票中拜登以極為細微的得票比例差（11779票和0.24%之差），贏得這個州的16張選舉人團票，成為拜登贏得總統選舉的其中一個關鍵州。特朗普的競選單位並不承認他落敗的搖擺州分的投票結果，並羅列出諸多選舉舞弊指控，這些指控都被查證者、選舉保安專家和法庭反駁或證偽，而特朗普和他的支持者所提出的所有針對選舉的訴訟（英语：Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election）都沒有成功扭轉選舉結果，這些訴訟案中有一半是法庭不受理，其次是控方主動撤回訴訟[9]。在兩位候選人得票非常接近的州分中在第一次點票後，又重新進行了手動點票，最終都是未能改變選舉結果[10][11]，拜登最終於2020年11月19日獲確認贏得喬治亞州[12]。

當2020年11月至12月的選舉訴訟案無法取得進展下，特朗普開始對至少密歇根州、賓夕法尼亞州和喬治亞州這些他輸掉的州的共和黨地方或州官員親身或透過電話溝通，他向這些州的議員、州檢察長和州長施壓以求推翻選舉結果，包括要求他們重新點票、扔掉部分選票或將代表民主黨的選舉人團替換為共和黨的選舉人團[13][14]。

12月5日有報導指特朗普致電了喬治亞州州長布萊恩·肯普（英语：Brian Kemp），公開要求他和州務卿布拉德·拉芬斯佩格（英语：Brad Raffensperger）扭轉喬治亞州的選舉結果，並要挾如果不服從就會作出政治報復[15]。肯普和拉芬斯佩格都是共和黨黨員，但自從大選的選民投票結束後因為拒絕配合特朗普的舞弊指控，三者關係開始惡化。特朗普於12月30日在推特發文指「肯普應該辭職，這個拒絕承認我們在喬治亞州獲得大勝的障礙物。[原文 2][16]」

致電喬治亞州選舉調查主任 编辑

《華盛頓郵報》於2021年1月9日報導，特朗普在2020年12月23日致電了喬治亞州州務卿辦公室的選舉調查主任，當時這位匿名的選舉調查主任正在審計科布縣的投票結果，這是應拉芬斯佩格要求調查州內選舉舞弊的指控。《華盛頓郵報》的此篇報導引述消息人士提供的訊息，聲稱特朗普對該選舉調查主任說如果她能找出舞弊行為就會成為一位「國家英雄」。於是有法律專家指特朗普的言語可能觸犯了行賄或妨礙選舉法。2020年12月29日，喬治亞州選舉調查團完成了審計並宣布所有針對喬治亞州的選舉舞弊指控都是子虛烏有，特朗普對調查結果表示不滿[17]。2021年1月4日，拉芬斯佩格在《早安美國》的新聞訪問中確認了這次通話內容[18]，《華盛頓郵報》出於保護事件主角的安全而沒有公開該選舉調查主任的身份[17]。

然而，根據拉芬斯伯格在事發兩個月後公佈的川普與該選舉調查主任的通話錄音，川普並未要求對方找出舞弊行為以及說對方能因此成為「國家英雄」。《華盛頓郵報》於2021年3月11日承認其於1月9日的報導是錯誤的，並更正了報導的標題和內文[19]。

致電喬治亞州州務卿拉芬斯佩格 编辑

2021年1月2日，特朗普與喬治亞州州務卿拉芬斯佩格舉行了長達1小時的閉門電話會議[3][20]。陪同特朗普一邊的有白宮幕僚長馬克·米道斯、貿易顧問彼得·納瓦羅、司法部官員約翰·洛特（英语：John Lott）、法律系教授約翰·伊斯特曼（英语：John C. Eastman）和律師魯迪·朱利安尼、克萊塔·米切爾（英语：Cleta Mitchell）等人，拉芬斯佩格則由他的法律顧問瑞安·爵曼尼陪同參與對話[21]。翌日1月3日，《華盛頓郵報》和其他主流媒體獲得了這次會議的錄音[21][22]。

會議內容被公開 编辑

1月3日，特朗普在錄音被媒體公開前發推文指與拉芬斯佩格進行了電話會議，稱對方無意或無能力證明選舉舞弊[原文 3][23]。拉芬斯佩格指自己本來不打算公開談論事件，但當看到特朗普的推文對自己進行不實攻擊後認為有必要出面澄清，他指1月2日的電話會議是當天臨急舉行的，因為特朗普在當天早上看到自己在福斯新聞上回應指「大選結果公正和特朗普已經落敗」[24]。後來有消息指於1月2日前的一週之間，特朗普有18次嘗試過與拉芬斯佩格通電，但基於特朗普和他的團隊正在對喬治亞州州務卿和州長提出多項訴訟，拉芬斯佩格決定迴避這種會談[22]。

對話內容節錄 编辑

维基文库中的相关原始文献：特朗普與拉芬斯佩格的電話對話原文抄本
特朗普第一次提及「追加選票」
  • 特朗普：「我在這選舉贏多了幾十萬票，我不可能輸掉了喬治亞州，完全沒道理。我們贏多了幾十萬票。我只要求你加上一個小數目，這可是11000的好幾倍。但我在那個州贏多了幾十萬票。你覺得他們在富爾頓縣是否有可能將那些票扔進碎紙機？因為傳聞就是如此。還有那個主權投票系統，主權公司非常迅速地將機械撤走。你知道這些事情嗎？因為這可是犯法的，對吧？[原文 4]」
  • 爵曼尼：「這是瑞安·爵曼尼。不對，主權公司沒有從富爾頓縣移走過任何機件。[原文 5]」
特朗普說「尋找11780張選票」，即是與拜登的得票差多一票
  • 特朗普：「但選票都被動手腳了。你可以查出那是非法的，比起這個對你們而言更非法的是，你明知他們這麼幹了卻知情不報。那是刑事罪行。你不能任由他們逍遙法外。這對你和瑞安—你的律師，都是個重大危機。但他們撕碎了選票，就我看來，就我所知。他們還以最快速度移除了機件，這一切都是罪證。你不能任由它發生啊，但你卻無動於衷。你懂的，我指，我就是要指出你們任由它發生。所以聽好，我想做的就是，我只想找11780張選票，只要多一張因為我們贏了這個州。而且扭轉這個州對我們的國家來說可是一個重大里程碑，因為你懂的，這能證明他們要承認過錯，或者你喜歡怎麼形容它也好。如果這是一個過錯，怎麼都好。許多人不認為這是個錯誤。這是比表面看來更不法的。但這對喬治亞州來說是個重大問題而這不會就此被淡忘。[原文 6]」
特朗普說「需要11000或12000張選票」
  • 特朗普：「那麼，你最好查查那些選票因為他們撕碎了選票，瑞安，我就告訴你，瑞安。他們正在撕碎選票。而你應該用心地查看。但他們撕碎選票是因為他們在想我們最終會到富爾頓縣。我的看法是現在還為時不晚。所以，我想說的就是這些。看，我們只需要11000張選票。我們獲得的票數遠多於現在的。我們將會獲得越來越多。你有臨時選票（英语：Provisional ballot）嗎？布萊德（拉芬斯佩格）？[原文 7]」
  • 拉芬斯佩格：「臨時選票是州法律允許的。[原文 8]」
  • 特朗普：「當然，但我指，你有將它們計入還是抽起，因為，你懂的，換個說法，你這個州有多少臨時選票？[原文 9]」
  • 拉芬斯佩格：「我們之後會給你匯報數字。[原文 10]」
  • 特朗普：「因為那些票大部分都是投給特朗普的。因為他們都是投票時被欺騙了。我們有幾千人在11月3日打算投票時證實了或者想作供，他們被告知『抱歉，你的名字已經投過票。』那些男女都發出怒號反駁道：『我自豪地待到11月3日才投票！』他們回應你已經投了票而投票的不是他們本人。所以他們才填上臨時選票，選票上填上投給特朗普。還有那批軍人的選票，我贏了許多軍人票，百分之一百投給特朗普，我是說百分之一百給了拜登。那個你有所聞吧？有大批選票寄到富爾頓縣，本該是投給特朗普的變成投給拜登，儘管特朗普贏得大部分軍人票，你懂的，是非常之多。但這些選票百分之一百都給了拜登。而你知道這事吧？有很多票進來了，全給了拜登。有人知道關於這事嗎？[原文 11]」
  • 爵曼尼：「我不知道這事，但我知道有軍人票投進來，不單是軍人票，還有海外公民的選票。軍人票通常都是投給共和黨，而海外僑胞的票通常投給民主黨。所以兩邊各有混雜。[原文 12]」
  • 特朗普：「不，以前是如此。好吧。但我該獲得了78%的軍人票吧。這些票都是投給... 他們沒有告訴我關於海外僑胞票。但海外僑胞也好，我該也獲得了海外僑胞的票吧，瑞安，你明白的。投進來的票都給了拜登。這是犯法的。你懂的，這是犯法的。好吧，這是另一宗罪，這是許多違法行為中的又一件，這裡有太多違法行為了。啊，我不懂，看，布萊德。我得找... 我必須找12000張選票而我有比這個許多倍。所以，我贏得了這個州。在進行下一步前，（不知所云）。你知道，我今天早上看了你（在電視上）說，（選舉）沒有違法行為。但我指，這一切都是非常危險的。當你說沒有違法，我認為你這麼說對你本人是很危險的。我搞不懂你為何不願意好好點票。就算是你調查時。我感到詫異，你知道... 那調查... 我們找到有幾千票不是投給我的。讓我感到驚訝的是調查的手法，你所做的就是重新確認原有的選票，你收到那些選票後就那樣點算它們後發現有3千張問題選票。所以很意外有3或5我不懂，總之是很多選票。但你必須退回多年前的記錄去校對簽名。如果你調查富爾頓縣，你會找到幾十萬票因為他們將票傾倒進富爾頓縣和鄰近的縣。所以從這裡大家該做些什麼？我只要11000張選票。老兄，我需要11000張選票，你就成全我吧。[原文 13]」

法律觀點 编辑

有法律專家認為特朗普向州務卿施壓的言辭已經觸犯了多項選舉法例[1]，包括州法律和聯邦法律中，勾結進行選舉舞弊或妨礙選舉等罪名[25][26]。選舉法專家Edward B. Foley指特朗普的行為是不當和可鄙的，華盛頓公民責任與道德（英语：Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington）的執行董事稱，特朗普意圖操縱選舉的行為是美國歷史上的一個下限，無疑是可以受到彈劾的舉動[27]。

《衛報》引述美國憲法教授Richard Pildes（英语：Richard Pildes）指特朗普「有意圖目的地要脅州官員敗壞選舉的廉潔」就已經可能觸犯了刑法[28][26][29]。訴訟律師Michael Bromwich（英语：Michael Bromwich）指特朗普說「我只想找11780張選票[原文 6]」的這句話可能已經觸犯了美國法典第52編（英语：Title 52 of the United States Code）[28][30][31]。全國廣播公司則報導特朗普這通電話已經足夠讓調查部門立案研究是否存在利益衝突[32]。

聯邦 编辑

1月4日，民主黨的一眾領袖以特朗普意圖或合謀觸犯選舉法為由，要求聯邦調查局展開調查[33]。儘管有共和黨議員認為特朗普只是要求州務卿「尋找合法的選票」，民主黨已經就這次事件著手撰寫譴責決議書（英语：Censure in the United States）[34]，當1月6日首都國會正在為總統選舉的選舉人團票點票時遭到衝擊佔領後，以民主黨為多數派的眾議院以「煽動暴力顛覆國家」為由，對特朗普發起第二次彈劾案，其彈劾草案中引用了這次電話會議指，這是特朗普「為推翻和妨礙認證2020年總統選舉結果的事前準備」[35]，儘管到參議院的彈劾審判於2月13日無法獲得足夠共和黨參議員支持，讓特朗普獲判無罪。

喬治亞州 编辑

喬治亞州富爾頓縣地區檢察官法尼·威利斯（英语：Fani Willis）於1月4日發表回應指對這次電話會議內容感到不安，她指民主黨的州選舉委員會向州辦事處的選舉分部提出立案調查事件，之後會將案件呈交給州檢察長[36]，當完成調查後案件便會轉交地區檢察辦公室[36]。2月10日，威利斯向包括拉芬斯佩格和坎普等四位喬治亞州官員發出信件，指她的檢察辦公室已經正式調查「意圖妨礙2020年喬治亞州選舉」的相關罪行，並要求官員不要按一般流程銷毀相關文件以備作為呈堂證據[37]。

錄製和公開會談的法律責任和權利 编辑

關於將閉門會議內容錄下並公開的行為，有人指州務卿拉芬斯佩格可能要為此面臨觸犯間諜法的起訴。PolitiFact（英语：PolitiFact）引述美國保安與憲法法律專家指，特朗普與州務卿的對話不是間諜法涵蓋的國防機密信息，再加上錄音被流出前特朗普事先在社交媒體透露進行過這次會議[38]。

雖然有謠傳特朗普會就私自錄下會議內容對拉芬斯佩格提出訴訟，但是進行通話的兩端即喬治亞州和首都哥倫比亞特區，其通訊法（英语：Telephone call recording laws）都允許通訊參與者在不用徵求對方同意下單方面錄下私人談話內容[39][40][41]，由於這次電話會議來得突然，雙方一直沒有在訂立保密協議下通話[23]。在國會認證總統選舉結果前，沒有任何一單針對選舉的訴訟（英语：Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election from Georgia）有提及這次電話會議[42]。

林賽·格雷厄姆致電拉芬斯佩格 编辑

拉芬斯佩格向媒體透露，正當喬治亞州於2020年11月11日至20日間進行手動重新點票，共和黨參議員林賽·格雷厄姆於11月13日私下致電他討論關於這次重新點票的事宜，其中格雷厄姆問他「如果是發生比較多選票簽名錯誤的縣，是否可以取消這些縣的所有郵寄選票的資格？[43][44][45]」拉芬斯佩格認為格雷厄姆的意圖是要讓合法選票作廢，但格雷厄姆回應他的目的僅僅是「保護郵寄投票的公正」和確認「郵寄投票如何認證選民簽名」，但拉芬斯佩格對這個辯解不敢苟同表示：「我覺得我在這對話中受到威脅[44]。」格雷厄姆又表示他自己作為參議員正在進行選舉調查，儘管他當時屬於與選舉無關的參議院司法委員會[46]。喬治亞州富爾頓縣檢察辦公室於2021年2月13日表示，他們會將格雷厄姆致電拉芬斯佩格一事，與特朗普致電拉芬斯佩格事件同樣進行妨礙選舉刑法的調查[47]。

反应 编辑

特朗普电话录音泄露的第二天，乔治亚州共和党投票系统的项目经理加布里埃尔·斯特林（英语：Gabriel Sterling）在与拉芬斯伯格的交流中尖锐地反驳了特朗普有关选举舞弊的主张，并具体列举并反驳了特朗普及其盟友宣称有成千上万名青少年、死者和未登记的公民进行了投票，以及特朗普发布的一段误导性的视频，该视频称本次投票中有人伪造了选票，这些伪造的选票是从旅行箱中秘密取回的。斯特林称“总统的法律团队有闭门电话会议的录像，他们也观看了整个录像，所以从我们的角度来看，他们是故意在此方面误导州参议院、选民和美国人民。这是故意而且很明显的[48][49]”。

曾参与調查和揭露前美國總統尼克遜水門事件的資深記者卡尔·伯恩斯坦評論，這次事件比水門事件更惡劣，而錄音內容是「證明特朗普有意發動政變的終極證據」[50]。

保守媒體極限新聞認為《華盛頓郵報》指川普不斷要對方弄出選票來翻盤是「不實指控」，因為通話內容顯示川普只是要求誠實計票，原因是川普認為如此他就能多拿11000票而勝出[51][52]。

發言原文 编辑

  1. ^ 特朗普：That's a big risk to you and to Ryan, your lawyer.
  2. ^ 特朗普：@BrainKempGA should resign from office. He is an obstructionist who refuses to admit that we won Georgia, BIG!
  3. ^ 特朗普：I spoke to Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger yesterday about Fulton County and voter fraud in Georgia. He was unwilling, or unable, to answer questions such as the “ballots under table” scam, ballot destruction, out of state “voters”, dead voters, and more. He has no clue!
  4. ^ 特朗普：I won this election by hundreds of thousands of votes. There's no way I lost Georgia. There's no way. We won by hundreds of thousands of votes. I'm just going by small numbers when you add them up they're many times the 11,000. But I won that state by hundreds of thousands of votes. Do you think it's possible that they shredded ballots in Fulton County? Because that's what the rumor is. And also that Dominion took out machines. That Dominion is really moving fast to get rid of their, uh, machinery. Do you know anything about that? Because that's illegal, right?
  5. ^ 爵曼尼：This is Ryan Germany. No, Dominion has not moved any machinery out of Fulton County.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 特朗普：But the ballots are corrupt. And you are going to find that they are — which is totally illegal, it is more illegal for you than it is for them because, you know what they did and you're not reporting it. That's a criminal, that's a criminal offense. And you can't let that happen. That's a big risk to you and to Ryan, your lawyer. And that's a big risk. But they are shredding ballots, in my opinion, based on what I've heard. And they are removing machinery and they're moving it as fast as they can, both of which are criminal finds. And you can't let it happen and you are letting it happen. You know, I mean, I'm notifying you that you're letting it happen. So look. All I want to do is this. I just want to find 11,780 votes, which is one more than we have because we won the state. And flipping the state is a great testament to our country because, cause you know, this is — it's a testament that they can admit to a mistake or whatever you want to call it. If it was a mistake, I don't know. A lot of people think it wasn't a mistake. It was much more criminal than that. But it's a big problem in Georgia and it's not a problem that's going away. I mean, you know, it's not a problem that's going away.
  7. ^ 特朗普：Well, you better check the ballots because they are shredding ballots, Ryan. I'm just telling you, Ryan. They're shredding ballots. And you should look at that very carefully. Because that's so illegal. You know, you may not even believe it because it's so bad. But they're shredding ballots because they think we're going to eventually get ... because we'll eventually get into Fulton. In my opinion it's never too late. ... So, that's the story. Look, we need only 11,000 votes. We have are far more than that as it stands now. We'll have more and more. And. Do you have provisional ballots at all, Brad? Provisional ballots?
  8. ^ 拉芬斯佩格：Provisional ballots are allowed by state law.
  9. ^ 特朗普：Sure, but I mean, are they counted or did you just hold them back because they, you know, in other words, how many provisional ballots do you have in the state?
  10. ^ 拉芬斯佩格：We'll get you that number.
  11. ^ 特朗普：Because most of them are made out to the name Trump. Because these are people that were scammed when they came in. And we have thousands of people that have testified or that want to testify when they came in they were probably going to vote on November 3. And they were told I'm sorry, you've already been voted for, you've already voted. The women, men started screaming, No. I proudly voted til November 3. They said, I'm sorry, but you've already been voted for and you have a ballot and these people are beside themselves. So they went out and they filled in a provisional ballot, putting the name Trump on it. And what about that batch of military ballots that came in. And even though I won the military by a lot, it was 100 percent Trump. I mean 100 percent Biden. Do you know about that? A large group of ballots came in. I think it was to Fulton County and they just happened to be 100 percent for Trump — for Biden, even though Trump won the military by a lot, you know, a tremendous amount. But these ballots were 100 percent for Biden. And, do you know about that? A very substantial number came in, all for Biden. Does anybody know about it?
  12. ^ 爵曼尼：I don't know about that, I do know that we have when military ballots come in, it's not just military, it's also military and overseas citizens. The military part of that does generally go Republican. The overseas citizen part of it generally goes very Democrat. This was a mix of 'em.
  13. ^ 特朗普：No, but this was. That's OK. But I got like 78 percent in the military. These ballots were all for ... They didn't tell me overseas. Could be overseas too, but I get votes overseas too, Ryan, you know in all fairness. No they came in, a large batch came in and it was, quote, 100 percent for Biden. And that is criminal. You know, that's criminal. OK. That's another criminal, that's another of the many criminal events, many criminal events here. Oh, I don't know, look Brad. I got to get ... I have to find 12,000 votes and I have them times a lot. And therefore, I won the state. That's before we go to the next step, which is in the process of right now. You know, and I watched you this morning and you said, uh, well, there was no criminality. But I mean, all of this stuff is very dangerous stuff. When you talk about no criminality, I think it's very dangerous for you to say that. I just, I just don't know why you don't want to have the votes counted as they are. Like even you when you went and did that check. And I was surprised because, you know ...the check... And we found a few thousand votes that were against me. I was actually surprised because the way that check was done, all you're doing is you know, recertifying existing votes and, you know, and you were given votes and you just counted them up and you still found 3,000 that were bad. So that was sort of surprising that it came down to three or five I don't know. still a lot of votes. But you have to go back to check from past years with respect to signatures. And if you check with Fulton County, you'll have hundreds of thousands because they dumped ballots into Fulton County and the other county next to it. So what are we going to do here folks? I only need 11,000 votes. Fellas, I need 11,000 votes. Give me a break.

參考資料 编辑

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Amy, Jeff; Superville, Darlene; Brumback, Kate. Trump, on tape, presses Ga. official to 'find' him votes. 美聯社. 2021-01-04 [2021-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-04）. 
  2. ^ Shear, Michael D.; Saul, Stephanie. Trump, in Taped Call, Pressured Georgia Official to 'Find' Votes to Overturn Election. 紐約時報. 2021-01-03 [2021-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-04）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Smith, Allan; Jester, Julia; Thompson, Priscilla. Trump begs Georgia secretary of state to overturn election results in remarkable hourlong phone call. NBC新聞. 2021-01-03 [2021-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-03）. 
  4. ^ Scanlon, Quinn. Trump demands Georgia secretary of state 'find' enough votes to hand him win. ABC新聞. 2021-01-04 [2021-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-04）. 
  5. ^ Fowler, Stephen. 'This Was A Scam': In Recorded Call, Trump Pushed Official To Overturn Georgia Vote. 全國公共廣播電台. 2021-01-03 [2021-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-03）. 
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  10. ^ Beck, Lita Nadebah; Fritze, John; Johnson, Kevin; Jackson, David; Rossman, Sean. Election 2020 updates: Georgia nears recount completion; no more uncounted ballots found. 今日美國. 2020-11-18 [2020-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-29）. 
  11. ^ Stirgus, Eric. Georgia election recount nears finish line with few hiccups. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. 2020-11-16 [2020-11-16]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-03） （英语）. 
  12. ^ Morris, Jason; Reston, Maeve; Cohen, Marshall. Georgia confirms Biden victory and finds no widespread fraud after statewide audit. 有線電視新聞網. 2020-11-19 [2020-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-20）. 
  13. ^ Gardner, Amy; Dawsey, Josh; Bade, Rachael. Trump asks Pennsylvania House speaker for help overturning election results, personally intervening in a third state. 華盛頓郵報. 2020-12-07 [2020-12-15]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-08）. 
  14. ^ Kumar, Anita; Orr, Gabby; McGraw, Meridith. Inside Trump's pressure campaign to overturn the election. 政客. 2020-12-21 [2020-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-22）. 
  15. ^ Gardner, Amy; Dawsey, Josh; Bade, Rachael. Trump calls Georgia governor to pressure him for help overturning Biden’s win in the state. 華盛頓郵報. 2020-12-05 [2021-01-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-05）. 
  16. ^ Raymond, Jonathan. Trump calls Gov. Kemp 'obstructionist,' says he should resign. 11Alive. 2020-12-30 [2021-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-08）. 
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 Gardner, Amy. ‘Find the fraud’: Trump pressured a Georgia elections investigator in a separate call legal experts say could amount to obstruction. 華盛頓郵報. 2021-01-09 [2021-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-14）. 
  18. ^ Scanlan, Quinn. Trump 'just plain wrong' on fraud claims: Georgia Secretary of State Raffensperger. Good Morning America. 2021-01-04 [2021-01-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-14） （英语）. 
  19. ^ 《華郵》認錯！更正抹黑川普報導 修改標題內文. 自由時報. 2021年3月16日 [2021年3月17日]. （原始内容存档于2021年3月16日）. 
  20. ^ Duster, Chandelis; Cole, Devan. In call, Trump demands Georgia officials 'find' votes to tilt election. 有線電視新聞網. 2021-01-03 [2021-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-03）. 
  21. ^ 21.0 21.1 Gardener, Amy; Firozi, Paulina. The Post has published Trump's full phone call with Georgia election officials. Listen to the audio and read the transcript.. 華盛頓郵報. 2021-01-03 [2021-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-03）. 
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 There were 18 attempted calls from the White House to GA secretary of state's office, sources say. 有線電視新聞網. 2021-01-04 [2021-01-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-14）. 
  23. ^ 23.0 23.1 Braverman, Jason. Trump asks Georgia election officials to 'find' votes during call with Sec. of State. 11Alive. 2021-01-03 [2021-01-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-14）. 
  24. ^ Buchanan, Christopher. Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger opens up about Trump phone call. 11Alive. 2021-01-04 [2021-01-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-14）. 
  25. ^ Bice, Allie; Cheney, Kyle; Kumar, Anita. Trump's pressure on Georgia election officials raises legal questions. 政客. 2021-01-03 [2021-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-03）. 
  26. ^ 26.0 26.1 Eric Lipton, Trump Call to Georgia Official Might Violate State and Federal Law, 紐約時報, 2021-01-03 [2021-01-04], （原始内容存档于2021-01-04） 
  27. ^ Pengelly, Martin; Luscombe, Richard, 'I just want 11,780 votes': Trump pressed Georgia to overturn Biden victory, 衛報, 2021-01-03 [2021-01-05], （原始内容存档于2021-01-05） 
  28. ^ 28.0 28.1 Sullivan, Helen. Trump's phone call to Brad Raffensperger: six key points. 衛報. 2021-01-04 [2021-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-04）. 'You know what they did and you're not reporting it,' Trump said. 'You know, that's a criminal offense. And you know, you can't let that happen. That's a big risk to you and to Ryan [Germany], your lawyer. That's a big risk.' [...]
    5. Trump may have committed a crime...] [Richard H Pildes, a constitutional law professor at New York University, told the Washington Post: "The president is either knowingly attempting to coerce state officials into corrupting the integrity of the election or is so deluded that he believes what he's saying." Trump's actions may have violated federal statutes, he said. [...]
    Michael R Bromwich, a former federal prosecutor in the US Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York, wrote: "Unless there are portions of the tape that somehow negate criminal intent, 'I just want to find 11,780 votes' and his threats against Raffensperger and his counsel violate 52 U.S. Code 20511.     
  29. ^ Coyle, Marcia; Scarcella, Mike. 'There Must Be Legal Consequences': Among Many Lawyers, Outrage Over Trump's Georgia Call. Law.com. 2021-01-04 [2021-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-08）. 
  30. ^ Michael, Browninch [@mrbromwich]. Unless there are portions of the tape that somehow negate criminal intent, "I just want to find 11,780 votes" and his threats against Raffensperger and his counsel violate 52 U.S. Code § 20511. His best defense would be insanity. (推文). 2021-01-03 –通过Twitter. 
  31. ^ 52 U.S. Code § 20511 - Criminal penalties. [2021-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-04）. (2)knowingly and willfully deprives, defrauds, or attempts to deprive or defraud the residents of a State of a fair and impartially conducted election process, by — (A)the procurement or submission of voter registration applications that are known by the person to be materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent under the laws of the State in which the election is held; or (B) the procurement, casting, or tabulation of ballots that are known by the person to be materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent under the laws of the State in which the election is held 
  32. ^ Alexander, Blayne; Shabad, Rebecca; Pettypiece, Shannon. Georgia's Raffensperger says Trump's defeat is the 'cold hard truth,' hints at probe. NBC新聞. 2021-01-04 [2021-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-04）. The Republican secretary of state also said the call from Trump could warrant an investigation into possible conflicts of interest. 
  33. ^ Smith, Allan; Moe, Alex. Democrats ask FBI Director Wray to open criminal probe into Trump after leaked phone call - Reps. Ted Lieu and Kathleen Rice wrote that they believe Trump "engaged in solicitation of, or conspiracy to commit, a number of election crimes.". NBC新聞. 2021-01-04 [2021-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-04）. 
  34. ^ Raju, Manu; Herb, Jeremy. House Republicans rush to Trump's defense over Georgia call as Democrats prep censure resolution. 有線電視新聞網. 2021-01-04 [2021-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-04）. 
  35. ^ Read: House Democrats' draft of a new article of impeachment against Trump. 有線電視新聞網. 2021-01-08 [2021-01-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-09）. 
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  37. ^ Millhiser, Ian. Georgia prosecutors open a criminal probe that could land Trump in prison. Vox. 2021-02-10 [2021-02-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-23） （美国英语）. 
  38. ^ Kertscher, Tom. No grounds for claim that Raffensperger could face spy charges over Trump call. PolitiFact. 2021-01-06 [2021-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-18）. 
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  40. ^ District of Columbia Recording Law. 哈佛大學伯克曼互聯網與社會研究中心. 2021-01-22 [2021-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-24）. 
  41. ^ Durkee, Alison. Trump Election Lawsuit Against Brad Raffensperger, Brian Kemp Fails In Georgia. 福布斯. 2021-01-05 [2021-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-07）. 
  42. ^ Lindsey Graham condemned for allegedly pressuring Georgia to toss out ballots. 衛報. 2020-11-17 [2020-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-07）. 
  43. ^ 44.0 44.1 Garder, Amy. Ga. secretary of state says fellow Republicans are pressuring him to find ways to exclude ballots. 華盛頓郵報. 2020-11-16 [2020-11-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-17）. 
  44. ^ Gregorian, Dareh; Clark, Dartunorro. Georgia officials spar with Sen. Lindsey Graham over alleged ballot tossing comments. NBC新聞. 美聯社. 2020-11-18 [2020-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-18）. 
  45. ^ Kane, Paul. Lindsey Graham's one-man voting probe prompts confusion. 華盛頓郵報. 2020-11-17 [2020-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-18）. 
  46. ^ Gardner, Amy; Hamburger, Tom; Dawsey, Josh. Graham’s post-election call with Raffensperger will be scrutinized in Georgia probe, person familiar with inquiry says. 華盛頓郵報. 2021-02-13 [2021-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-13）. 
  47. ^ Parks, Miles. Georgia Election Official: Don't Let Misinformation 'Suppress Your Own Vote'. NPR.org. 2021-01-04 [2021-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-05）. 
  48. ^ Idliby, Leia. Georgia Election Official Systematically Dismantles Trump Fraud Claims in Brutal Presser: His Team 'Intentionally Misled' Americans. Mediaite. 2021-01-04 [2021-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-04）. 
  49. ^ Harvey, Josephine. Carl Bernstein Says Latest Trump Tapes Are 'Far Worse' Than Watergate. 哈芬登郵報. 2021-01-03 [2021-01-04]. （原始内容存档于January 4, 2021-01-04）. 
  50. ^ 川普施壓喬州計票疑雲 華郵被保守派媒體還原通話譯文打臉. 中央社. 2021年1月4日 [2021年1月4日]. （原始内容存档于2021年1月4日）. 
  51. ^ 李佳欣. 媒體攻擊川普施壓喬州 電台主持人:公布完整錄音. 新唐人電視台. 2021年1月4日 [2021年1月6日]. （原始内容存档于2021年1月4日）. 

外部連結 编辑

维基语录上的唐纳德·特朗普语录
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=川普致電拉芬斯伯格&oldid=80352193”