结合性丙二酸及甲基丙二酸血症

结合性丙二酸及甲基丙二酸血症 ,又称丙二酸及甲基丙二酸联合尿症 (英语: Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria, CMAMMA),是一种以丙二酸甲基丙二酸水平升高为特征的遗传性代谢性疾病[1]。一些研究人员 假设CMAMMA可能是甲基丙二酸血症最常见的形式之一,也可能是最常见的先天性代谢错误之一[2]。因为这种疾病很少被诊断出来,所以通常不会被发现[2][3]

症状和体征 编辑

CMAMMA的临床表型是高度异质性的,从无症状、轻度到重度症状都有[4][5]。其潜在的病理生理学尚不清楚[6]。文献中报道了以下症状。

一个特殊的情况是魁北克省,除了血液检查外,还在出生后第21天用魁北克省新生儿血液和尿液检查计划进行尿液筛查。这使得魁北克省对CMAMMA的研究很有意义,因为它代表了世界上唯一没有选择偏差的患者队列[2][5]

病因 编辑

CMAMMA可以根据病因分为两种不同的遗传性疾病:一种是缺乏线粒体酰基辅酶A合成酶家族成员3,由ACSF3基因(OMIM#614265)编码;另一种是缺乏丙二酰辅酶A脱羧酶,由MLYCD基因(OMIM#248360)编码[1][9]

诊断 编辑

由于临床症状范围广泛,而且基本上都是通过新生儿筛查项目漏掉的,所以CMAMMA被认为是一种未被充分认识的疾病[1][7]

新生儿筛查项目 编辑

由于ACSF3引起的CMAMMA不会导致甲基丙二酸、丙二酸或丙酸的积累,也不会出现酰基肉碱谱的异常,所以CMAMMA不会被标准的血液新生儿筛查项目发现[5][2][7]

一个特殊的情况是魁北克省,除了血液检查外,该省还在出生后第21天通过魁北克省新生儿血液和尿液筛查项目进行尿液筛查。这使得魁北克省对CMAMMA的研究很感兴趣,因为它代表了世界上唯一没有选择偏差的患者队列[7]

丙氨酸与甲基丙氨酸的比率 编辑

通过计算血浆中丙醇二酸/甲基丙醇二酸的比率,可以将CMAMMA与典型的甲基丙二酸血症明确区分开来。在甲基丙二酸血症中,维生素B12反应者和无反应者都是如此。使用尿液中的丙醇酸值和甲基丙醇酸值不适合计算这个比率[1]

在ACSF3导致的CMAMMA中,甲基丙二酸的水平超过了丙二酸的水平。相反,丙二酸脱羧酶缺乏引起的CMAMMA则相反[8][7]

基因检测 编辑

CMAMMA可以通过分析ACSF3和MLYCD基因来诊断。在生育治疗过程中进行扩展的携带者筛查也可以发现ACSF3基因的突变携带者[10]

参考文献 编辑

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 de Sain-van der Velden, Monique G. M.; van der Ham, Maria; Jans, Judith J.; Visser, Gepke; Prinsen, Hubertus C. M. T.; Verhoeven-Duif, Nanda M.; van Gassen, Koen L. I.; van Hasselt, Peter M. A New Approach for Fast Metabolic Diagnostics in CMAMMA. Morava, Eva (编). JIMD Reports, Volume 30 30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2016: 15–22 [2022-07-31]. ISBN 978-3-662-53680-3. PMC 5110436 . PMID 26915364. doi:10.1007/8904_2016_531. (原始内容存档于2022-09-22). 
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 NIH Intramural Sequencing Center Group; Sloan, Jennifer L; Johnston, Jennifer J; Manoli, Irini; Chandler, Randy J; Krause, Caitlin; Carrillo-Carrasco, Nuria; Chandrasekaran, Suma D; Sysol, Justin R; O'Brien, Kevin; Hauser, Natalie S. Exome sequencing identifies ACSF3 as a cause of combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria. Nature Genetics. 2011-09, 43 (9) [2022-07-31]. ISSN 1061-4036. PMC 3163731 . PMID 21841779. doi:10.1038/ng.908. (原始内容存档于2022-09-21) (英语). 
  3. ^ Sniderman, Lisa C.; Lambert, Marie; Giguère, Robert; Auray-Blais, Christiane; Lemieux, Bernard; Laframboise, Rachel; Rosenblatt, David S.; Treacy, Eileen P. Outcome of individuals with low-moderate methylmalonic aciduria detected through a neonatal screening program. The Journal of Pediatrics. 1999-06, 134 (6) [2022-07-31]. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70280-5. (原始内容存档于2018-06-11) (英语). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Wang, Ping; Shu, Jianbo; Gu, Chunyu; Yu, Xiaoli; Zheng, Jie; Zhang, Chunhua; Cai, Chunquan. Combined Malonic and Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to ACSF3 Variants Results in Benign Clinical Course in Three Chinese Patients. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021-11-25, 9 [2022-08-06]. ISSN 2296-2360. PMC 8658908 . PMID 34900860. doi:10.3389/fped.2021.751895. (原始内容存档于2022-09-21). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Alfares, A.; Nunez, L. D.; Al-Thihli, K.; Mitchell, J.; Melancon, S.; Anastasio, N.; Ha, K. C. H.; Majewski, J.; Rosenblatt, D. S.; Braverman, N. Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria: exome sequencing reveals mutations in the ACSF3 gene in patients with a non-classic phenotype. Journal of Medical Genetics. 2011-09-01, 48 (9) [2022-08-06]. ISSN 0022-2593. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100230. (原始内容存档于2022-06-15) (英语). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Wehbe, Zeinab; Behringer, Sidney; Alatibi, Khaled; Watkins, David; Rosenblatt, David; Spiekerkoetter, Ute; Tucci, Sara. The emerging role of the mitochondrial fatty-acid synthase (mtFASII) in the regulation of energy metabolism. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 2019-11, 1864 (11) [2022-08-06]. doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.07.012. (原始内容存档于2022-06-19) (英语). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Levtova, Alina; Waters, Paula J.; Buhas, Daniela; Lévesque, Sébastien; Auray‐Blais, Christiane; Clarke, Joe T.R.; Laframboise, Rachel; Maranda, Bruno; Mitchell, Grant A.; Brunel‐Guitton, Catherine; Braverman, Nancy E. Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria due to ACSF3 mutations: Benign clinical course in an unselected cohort. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. 2019, 42 (1): 107–116 [2022-08-06]. ISSN 0141-8955. PMID 30740739. S2CID 73436689. doi:10.1002/jimd.12032. (原始内容存档于2022-09-22) (英语). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Gregg, A. R.; Warman, A. W.; Thorburn, D. R.; O'Brien, W. E. Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria with normal malonyl-coenzyme A decarboxylase activity: A case supporting multiple aetiologies. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. 1998, 21 (4): 382–390 [2022-08-06]. PMID 9700595. S2CID 20212973. doi:10.1023/A:1005302607897. (原始内容存档于2022-06-15) (英语). 
  9. ^ Witkowski, Andrzej; Thweatt, Jennifer; Smith, Stuart. Mammalian ACSF3 Protein Is a Malonyl-CoA Synthetase That Supplies the Chain Extender Units for Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Synthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2011-09, 286 (39) [2022-07-31]. PMC 3190830 . PMID 21846720. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.291591. (原始内容存档于2022-08-02) (英语). 
  10. ^ Gabriel, Marie Cosette; Rice, Stephanie M.; Sloan, Jennifer L.; Mossayebi, Matthew H.; Venditti, Charles P.; Al‐Kouatly, Huda B. Considerations of expanded carrier screening: Lessons learned from combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine. 2021-04, 9 (4) [2022-08-06]. ISSN 2324-9269. PMC 8123733 . PMID 33625768. doi:10.1002/mgg3.1621. (原始内容存档于2022-09-21) (英语).