水玉簪科
水玉簪科(學名:Burmanniaceae)是被子植物的一個科,包括有99個草本植物物種,分屬八個不同的屬[2];中国有1属9种。這些草本植物可能是一年生或多年生植物。 在傳統的生物分类学上,本科是单子叶植物纲中的兰目中的一个科,但在較近期的《APG分类法》均將本科列為薯蓣目。
水玉簪科![]() | |
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科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 单子叶植物 Monocots |
目: | 薯蓣目 Dioscoreales |
科: | 水玉簪科 Burmanniaceae Blume[1] |
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水玉簪科植物分布區
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型態描述
编辑本科物種一般都有出眾的外表,通常是紅色而不是綠色,沒有太多的葉面積,並且不會以任何方式變得非常大。 所有成員均為菌異營物種,主要分佈在南半球,並在陰涼和熱帶環境中生長。當中有不少物種為瀕危物種。
分類
编辑约翰·林德利於1830年首度描述水玉簪科,當時只包括水玉簪屬這一個屬[3]。1998年出版的《被子植物APG分类法》[4] 將本科列為薯蓣目之下五個科之一,而薯蓣目屬於單子葉植物之下的一個演化支。2003年出版的《被子植物APG II分类法 (修订版)》[5]在Caddick及其同事 (2002)[6][7]透過廣泛研究得出的結果,使用三種基因(rbcL、atpB及18S rDNA)的分析,加上形態學的限制條件,導致薯蓣目之下各科的重新編排。本科在APG II 的限界擴闊了,還包括過往在APG I屬於肉质腐生科的物種。結果在這個分類,薯蓣目物種被重組成為三個科。這個分類辦法在被子植物APG III分类法 (2009)[1]保留不變。
與此同時,部分進行中的研究仍然質疑這種三分關係[8][9][10][11],認為較早期的分類更能表現出薯蕷目各屬間在演化過程的關係。根據這些研究結果,他們認為薯蕷目的組成如下:
- 嚴謹定義的水玉簪科:
- Apteria
- 水玉簪属 Burmannia
- 玉头簪属 Campylosiphon Benth., 1882
- Campylosiphon congestus (C.H.Wright) Maas
- Campylosiphon lycioideus St.-Lag.
- Campylosiphon purpurascens Benth.
- 贵州玉头簪 Campylosiphon saundersii X.J.Li, L.Qu & D.X.Zhang, 2023(贵州)
- Cymbocarpa
- Dictyostega
- 腐草属 Gymnosiphon
- 六翼玉簪属 Hexapterella Urb., 1903
- Marthella
- Miersiella
- 非洲水玉杯屬 (Afrothismia)支序
- 非洲水玉杯屬 Afrothismia
由於這些實證相互矛盾,2016年《被子植物APG IV分類法》 (2016)的作者[12]認為現時仍然未到重組薯蕷目物種的關係架構[13]。
演化史
编辑According to molecular analyses, the myco-heterotrophic type of life that these species lead evolved six (or even more) times independently in the three clades that are part of Burmanniaceae. Afrothismia and tribe Thismieae represent two of these shifts to myco-heterotrophy from autotrophy while Burmanniaceae sensu stricto are the clade where the other four took place. The family appears in the 晚白垩世 but the further diversification and shifts to the typical habit occurred later in the same period and continued after the 白堊紀-古近紀界線 in 古近纪.[10]
參考文獻
编辑參考書目
编辑- Caddick, Lizabeth R.; Rudall, Paula J.; Wilkin, Paul; Hedderson, Terry A. J.; Chase, Mark W., Phylogenetics of Dioscoreales based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data, 林奈学会植物学杂志, February 2002, 138 (2): 123–144, doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.138002123.x
- Caddick, Lizabeth R.; Wilkin, Paul; Rudall, Paula J.; Hedderson, Terry A. J.; Chase, Mark W., Yams Reclassified: A Recircumscription of Dioscoreaceae and Dioscoreales, Taxon (journal), February 2002, 51 (1): 103, doi:10.2307/1554967
- Christenhusz, Maarten JM & Byng, J. W. The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa (Magnolia Press). 2016, 261 (3): 201–217 [2018-12-08]. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. (原始内容存档于2016-07-29).
- Lindley, John. An introduction to the natural system of botany : or, A systematic view of the organisation, natural affinities, and geographical distribution, of the whole vegetable kingdom : together with the uses of the most important species in medicine, the arts, and rural or domestic economy. London: Longman. 1830 [2014-02-02]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-04).
- Hertweck, Kate L.; Kinney, Michael S.; Stuart, Stephanie A.; Maurin, Olivier; Mathews, Sarah; Chase, Mark W.; Gandolfo, Maria A.; Pires, J. Chris. Phylogenetics, divergence times and diversification from three genomic partitions in monocots. 林奈学会植物学杂志. July 2015, 178 (3): 375–393. doi:10.1111/boj.12260.
- Merckx, V.; Schols, P.; Kamer, H. M.-v. d.; Maas, P.; Huysmans, S.; Smets, E. Phylogeny and evolution of Burmanniaceae (Dioscoreales) based on nuclear and mitochondrial data. American Journal of Botany. 2006-11-01, 93 (11): 1684–1698. PMID 21642114. doi:10.3732/ajb.93.11.1684.
- Merckx, Vincent S. F. T.; Smets, Erik F., , the 101st Anniversary of a Botanical Mystery, International Journal of Plant Sciences, February 2014, 175 (2): 165–175, doi:10.1086/674315
- Merckx, Vincent; Bakker, Freek T.; Huysmans, Suzy; Smets, Erik. Bias and conflict in phylogenetic inference of myco-heterotrophic plants: a case study in Thismiaceae. Cladistics. February 2009, 25 (1): 64–77. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00241.x.
- Merckx, V; Huysmans, S; Smets, EF. Cretaceous origins of mycoheterotrophic lineages in Dioscoreales (PDF). : 39–53 [2016-06-15]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-02-01)., In Seberg et al (2010)
- Seberg, Ole; Petersen, Gitte; Barfod, Anders; Davis, Jerrold I. (编). Diversity, phylogeny, and evolution in the Monocotyledons: proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons and the Fifth International Symposium on Grass Systematics and Evolution. Århus: Aarhus University Press. 2010 [2018-12-08]. ISBN 978 87 7934 398 6. (原始内容存档于2015-05-10).
APG
编辑- APG I. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 1998, 85 (4): 531–553. JSTOR 2992015. doi:10.2307/2992015.
- APG II. An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. 林奈学会植物学杂志. 2003, 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
- APG III. An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. 林奈学会植物学杂志. 2009, 161 (2): 105–121 [2014-01-03]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. (原始内容存档于2017-05-25).
- APG IV. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. 林奈学会植物学杂志. 2016, 181 (1): 1–20 [2016-06-13]. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. (原始内容存档于2018-03-05).
外部連結
编辑- 維基物種上的相關信息:水玉簪科
- Burmanniaceae, Thismiaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 9 March 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/
- Monocot families (USDA) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Burmanniaceae in the Flora of North America (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Burmanniaceae.org, a site dedicated to the research on this family (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- the specialists at work
- NCBI Taxonomy Browser (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- links (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) and more links (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at CSDL, Texas