User:Ghrkya/艾尔·海恩斯
 | 此用戶頁目前正依照https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Haynes上的内容进行翻译。 (2024年6月25日) |
| Al Haynes | |
|---|---|
| File:Captain Al Haynes.jpg Haynes lecturing members of the 305th Air Mobility Wing in 2012 | |
| 出生 | Alfred Clair Haynes 1931年8月31日 Paris, Texas |
| 逝世 | 2019年8月25日（87歲） Seattle, Washington |
| 职业 | Airline pilot |
| 儿女 | Laurie Haynes-Arguello Anthony Clair “Tony” Haynes Daniel Clair “Dan” Haynes |
| 父母 | Herbert Clair Haynes Fannie Temperance Baker |
| 亲属 | 3 grandchildren, 1 great-grandchild |
阿尔弗雷德·克莱尔·海恩斯（英語：Alfred Clair Haynes，1931年8月31日—2019年8月25日），民航飞行员，曾为美国联合航空公司效力35年。1989年，他作为联合航空232号班机空难当事机长引起了国际关注，该班机在失控后于美国爱荷华州苏城坠毁。海恩斯在康复后重返了飞行岗位，并在1991年从联合航空公司退休。退休后海恩斯投身航空安全并成为了一名公共演说者。
早年生活
编辑1931年8月31日，克莱尔·海恩斯出生于得克萨斯州帕里斯市的家中。[1]他是赫伯特·克莱尔·海恩斯（1896年—1972年）和范妮·坦普伦斯·贝克（1896年—1991年）的第三个孩子。他的父亲是一家电话公司的地区经理，母亲是家庭主妇。1940年，他们全家搬家到了德克赛斯州达拉斯市，海恩斯在那里就读于伍德罗·威尔逊高中。[2][3]Haynes graduated from Texas A&M College (now Texas A&M University) prior to joining the United States Marine Corps.[4] He became a first lieutenant and was an instructor pilot. He served until 1956 and then joined United Airlines, which was his employer for the next 35 years. He retired in 1991.[5]
职业生涯
编辑军旅生涯
编辑Haynes lost his draft deferment while taking a semester off from Texas A&M, while the United States was engaged in the Korean War, and decided to join the U.S. Marine Corps. He spent four years in the Marine Corps, serving as a pilot.
United Airlines flying career
编辑In 1956, Haynes joined United Airlines after his wartime service.[6] For most of his career with United Airlines he served as a flight engineer or co-pilot, refusing offers of promotion, because they would have required relocating from Seattle.[6] However, in 1985, he did accept a promotion to Captain, because he would be approaching retirement soon, and his retirement pay would be based upon his pay during his last five years.
On July 19, 1989, Haynes was the Captain of United Airlines Flight 232, piloting a DC-10, a large trijet airliner, carrying 296 passengers and crew. The airplane had left Denver for Chicago, with a final destination of Philadelphia, but experienced a catastrophic engine failure in its rear engine, which triggered a loss of hydraulic fluid. Without hydraulic fluid Haynes and his flight crew could not move the airplane's flaps and rudder or almost any other control surfaces.
Without flight controls the airplane began a right descending turn, a tendency that persisted for the rest of the flight. Haynes reduced the thrust on the left engine (#1), allowing differential thrust from the right engine (#3) to level the aircraft. An off-duty pilot, Dennis Edward Fitch, joined Haynes and his co-pilot, William Roy Records, and flight engineer Dudley Joseph Dvorak, on the flight deck.
The airplane was diverted to Sioux City for an emergency landing. With very limited ability to control the airplane, Haynes had difficulty aligning with a runway, reducing speed and landing nose-up. Consequently, the airplane approached the runway at almost twice the desired landing speed, resulting in a very hard landing, with catastrophic damage to the airframe. The airplane then broke into pieces as it slid off the runway, with the remaining fuel bursting into flames. As can be heard in the cockpit flight recording, it was the intervention of Fitch that ultimately got the airplane to the airport.
184 people survived the crash-landing. 32 died of smoke inhalation, 80 of traumatic injuries. Haynes and his colleagues were trapped in the cockpit. 35 minutes after the crash-landing, rescuers identified the cockpit and rescued the flight crew. Most had minor injuries, apart from Denny Fitch, who almost died, having suffered multiple fractures and other organ injuries.
Haynes believed five factors contributed to the degree of success in Sioux City; luck, communications, preparation, execution, and cooperation.[7]
Haynes resumed flight duty after his recovery.
Career after United Airlines
编辑According to NPR, "Haynes is widely seen as a hero among aviation experts, akin to Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger and his 'miracle on the Hudson.'"[8]
He was also a volunteer umpire for Little League Baseball for more than 33 years and a stadium announcer for high school football for more than 25 years.[4][5] He was an umpire in the 1978 Little League World Series.[9]
He was referred to as a hero, but refused to say he was one. He gave all the credit to the flight attendants, who he believed did not receive enough credit for the work they did.[10][11]
所获荣誉
编辑死亡
编辑Haynes died on August 25, 2019 in a Seattle hospital after a brief illness, six days before he would have turned 88.[13][14] United Airlines issued a statement thanking him for "his exceptional efforts aboard Flight UA232".[15]
流行文化
编辑- American actor Charlton Heston portrayed Captain Al Haynes in the TV film A Thousand Heroes (1992).
- Captain Al Haynes appeared in the documentary Seconds from Disaster Season 2: Episode 7 (2005) called "Crash Landing at Sioux City".
- Canadian actor Stewart Arnott portrayed Captain Al Haynes in the Canadian TV series Mayday Season 11: Episode 13 (2012) called "Impossible Landing" and Air Crash Investigation Special Report Season 3: Episode 8 (2020) called "Courage in the Cockpit".
参考资料
编辑- ^ Staff, Editorial. Al Haynes. AVweb. 1999-09-29 [2024-06-25] （美国英语）.
- ^ Palmer, E. Laurence. YEARBOOKS AND SCIENCE EDUCATION. School Science and Mathematics. 1948-03, 48 (3). ISSN 0036-6803. doi:10.1111/j.1949-8594.1948.tb06530.x.
- ^ Alhamoud, Issa; Khin, Ei; Huang, Rong; McConnell, Lesli; Seikaly, Mouin G. Treatment of Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Children Post-Kidney Transplantation: A Single Center’s Experience. Nephrology – Open Journal. 2021-12-31, 6 (1). ISSN 2380-0445. doi:10.17140/npoj-6-125.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Capt Al Haynes Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Wall of Honor. 17 January 2016 [August 28, 2019]. 引用错误：带有name属性“smith”的
<ref>标签用不同内容定义了多次 - ^ 5.0 5.1 Little League® International Honors the Memory of Hero Pilot, LLBWS umpire, Al Haynes. littleleague.org. August 26, 2019 [August 28, 2019]. 引用错误：带有name属性“ump”的
<ref>标签用不同内容定义了多次 - ^ 6.0 6.1 Finney, Daniel P. Al Haynes, pilot of United Flight 232 and reluctant hero, dies 30 years after deadly crash in Iowa. Des Moines Register. [2020-11-02] （美国英语）.
- ^ NASA United Flight 232 Lecture by Capt Al Haynes - YouTube. www.youtube.com. 15 August 2020 [2020-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-21）.
- ^ Kennedy, Merrit. Al Haynes, Pilot From Miraculous 1989 Crash Landing, Has Died. NPR. August 26, 2019 [August 27, 2019].
- ^ Genzlinger, Neil. Alfred Haynes, Pilot Who Saved Scores in Crash Landing, Dies at 87. New York Times. September 24, 2019 [September 26, 2019].
- ^ Finney, Daniel. Al Haynes, pilot of United Flight 232 and reluctant hero, dies 30 years after deadly crash in Iowa. Des Moines Register. August 27, 2019 [November 16, 2019].
- ^ Jones, Al. Remembering Al Haynes, the pilot who guided United Flight 232 to its crash-landing at Sioux Gateway Airport. ktiv.com. August 26, 2019 [August 28, 2019]. （原始内容存档于August 27, 2019）.
- ^ Kanki, Barbara G.; Anca, José; Chidester, Thomas R. (编). Crew Resource Management. Elsevier. 2019: xxxvi. ISBN 978-0-12-812995-1.
- ^ Dreeszen, Dave. Al Haynes, pilot of Flight 232, dies at 87. Sioux City Journal. August 26, 2019 [August 28, 2019].
- ^ Leasca, Stacey. Heroic United Airlines Pilot Dies 30 Years After Saving 184 Passengers in Iowa Crash. travelandleisure.com. August 27, 2019 [August 28, 2019].
- ^ Captain Al Haynes 'made the impossible possible'. United.com. （原始内容存档于2019-11-14）.
引用错误：在<references>标签中name属性为“ntsb”的参考文献没有在文中使用
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<references>标签中name属性为“FlightSafetyJune1991”的参考文献没有在文中使用[[Category:联合航空人物]] [[Category:美國海軍陸戰隊軍官]] [[Category:德州農工大學校友]] [[Category:空难幸存者]] [[Category:2019年逝世]] [[Category:1931年出生]] [[Category:有未审阅翻译的页面]]