User:JKessvinJ/沙盒/國會

1918年英國大選

1918年12月14日
投票率	57.2%
多數黨 少數黨 第三大黨   领袖 安德魯·博納·勞 大衛·勞合·喬治 埃蒙·迪·華理拉 政党 保守黨 自由黨（聯合政府派） 新芬黨 上任时间 1911年11月13日 1916年12月7日 1917年10月25日 代表选区 中格拉斯哥 加拿分自治市鎮 東克萊爾及東梅奧 上届结果 271席，46.6% 未參加 未參加 赢得席次 382 127 73 席次差额 ▲111 ▲127 ▲73 民選得票 4,003,848 1,396,590 476,458 得票率 38.4% 13.4% 4.6% 得票变动 ▼8.2% 新政黨 新政黨   第四大黨 第五大黨 第六大黨   领袖 威廉·亞當森 H·H·阿斯奎斯 喬治·尼科·伯恩斯 政党 工黨 自由黨 國民民主工黨 上任时间 1917年10月24日 1908年4月30日 1918年 代表选区 西快富 東快富 (落選) Glasgow Gorbals 上届结果 42席，6.4% 272席，44.2% 未參加 赢得席次 57 36 9 席次差额 ▲15 ▼236 ▲9 民選得票 2,171,230 1,355,398 156,834 得票率 20.8% 13.0% 1.3% 得票变动 ▲14.5% ▼31.2% 新政黨
选前首相 大衛·勞合·喬治 英國國民自由黨 指名首相 大衛·勞合·喬治 英國國民自由黨

1918年英國大選（英語：1918 United Kingdom general election）於1918年12月14日舉行，改選下議院全體議席。時任首相大衛·勞合·喬治在德法雙方簽訂停戰協定結束第一次世界大戰後旋即宣布舉行大選。當時執政的聯合政府向支持聯合政府的參選人發出認可信函，这些信函被称为「聯合政府認可信」，導致整場大選亦被稱作「認可信選舉」。選舉結果為聯合政府取得大勝，國會主要由保守黨及聯合政府派自由黨组成，而未获認可的自由黨候選人则遭受巨大敗績，包括自由黨黨魁H·H·阿斯奎斯。

The 1918 United Kingdom general election was called immediately after the Armistice with Germany which ended the First World War, and was held on Saturday, 14 December 1918. The governing coalition, under Prime Minister David Lloyd George, sent letters of endorsement to candidates who supported the coalition government. These were nicknamed "Coalition Coupons", and led to the election being known as the "coupon election". The result was a massive landslide in favour of the coalition, comprising primarily the Conservatives and Coalition Liberals, with massive losses for Liberals who were not endorsed. Nearly all the Liberal MPs without coupons were defeated, including party leader H. H. Asquith.

此次大選為英國首次於同日内進行絕大部分投票活動（大學選區投票期為5天，奧克尼和設德蘭選區投票期則為2天）的大選，但點票日期推遲至12月28日，以便同時點算正處海外服役中士兵的選票。

It was the first general election to include on a single day all eligible voters of the United Kingdom, although the vote count was delayed until 28 December so that the ballots cast by soldiers serving overseas could be included in the tallies.

大衛·勞合·喬治的聯合政府在大選中取得壓倒性勝利，他在1916年12月代替H·H·阿斯奎斯出任首相。他們均爲自由黨黨員，並在大選過後繼續爭奪黨內控制權。自由黨及後急速失去民眾支持，迄今亦未曾重新掌權。

It resulted in a landslide victory for the coalition government of David Lloyd George, who had replaced H. H. Asquith as Prime Minister in December 1916. They were both Liberals, and continued to battle for control of the party, which was rapidly losing popular support, and never regained power.

此次大選亦爲《1918年人民代表法令》於同年2月通過後的首次大選，因此亦為首次允許具備一定財產、30歲以上的女性和全體21歲以上的男性投票。在此之前，全體女性和許多貧困男性都被排除在投票之外。女性在大選中普遍支持聯合政府候選人。

It was the first general election to be held after enactment of the Representation of the People Act 1918. It was thus the first election in which women over the age of 30 (with some property qualifications), and all men over the age of 21, could vote. Previously, all women and many poor men had been excluded from voting. Women generally supported the coalition candidates.

同年4月的基斯利補選，尼娜·博伊爾作爲女性試圖參加，卻被選舉官因技術原因拒絕。及後上院法官的報告指《1832年改革法令》規定國會候選人必須為男性，而1918年通過的《人民代表法令》並未改變這一限制，導致出現女性擁有選舉權但卻缺乏被選舉權的情形。國會因而於解散前不久通過《1918年國會（女性資格）法令》首次允許女性作為候選人參選。該法令亦為英國迄今内容最短的成文法令。

It was the first parliamentary election in which women were able to stand as candidates, following the Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918, believed to be one of the shortest Acts of Parliament ever given Royal Assent. The Act was passed shortly before Parliament was dissolved. It followed a report by Law Officers that the Great Reform Act 1832 had specified parliamentary candidates had to be male, and that the Representation of the People Act passed earlier in the year did not change that. One woman, Nina Boyle, had already presented herself for a by-election earlier in the year in Keighley, but had been turned down by the returning officer on technical grounds.

大學選區席次於大選舉行前獲重新分配，當中的多議席選區則采用可轉移單票制選出當選者。

Prior to this election the university constituency seats were re-allocated. Several seats were filled in multi-seat constituencies using STV.[1]

此次大選還因在愛爾蘭的戲劇性結果而備受關注。主張地方自治的爱尔兰议会党的原有席次幾近被主張愛爾蘭共和主義，新參選的新芬黨完全取代。新芬黨在參選政綱中誓言會建立一個獨立的愛爾蘭共和國。新芬黨議員在當選後拒絕就任，轉而自行成立一分裂政府並宣佈獨立，正式打響爱尔兰独立战争。戰爭引致的分治導致此次大選為最後一次攬括愛爾蘭島全境的英國大選。

The election was also noted for the dramatic result in Ireland, which showed clear disapproval of government policy. The Irish Parliamentary Party were almost completely wiped out by the Irish republican party Sinn Féin, who vowed in their manifesto to establish an independent Irish Republic. They refused to take their seats in Westminster, instead forming a breakaway government and declaring Irish independence. The Irish War of Independence began soon after the election. Because of the resulting partition of Ireland, this was the last United Kingdom general election to include the entire island of Ireland.

背景

1915年爆發的第一次世界大戰導致時任首相，自由黨的H·H·阿斯奎斯決定與博納·勞的保守黨及阿瑟·亨德森的工黨共同組成聯合政府，但聯合政府在1916年12月倒台，大衛·勞合·喬治取代阿斯奎斯出任首相，繼續與保守黨及工黨共同執政（工黨於1918年退出聯合政府）。阿斯奎斯則與其支持者改任反對黨。自由黨因而分裂成兩派，一派支持勞合·喬治及聯合政府，一派支持仍任自由黨黨魁的阿斯奎斯。

Lloyd George's coalition government was supported by a minority (majority after the election) of the Liberals and Bonar Law's Conservatives. However, the election saw a split in the Liberal Party between those who were aligned with Lloyd George and the government and those who were aligned with Asquith, the party's official leader.

1918年11月14日勞合·喬治宣佈國會將於11月25日解散，並於12月14日舉行選舉。當時距離上次大選相隔8年，期間一直透過戰時法令延長國會會期。

On 14 November it was announced that Parliament, which had been sitting since 1910 and had been extended by emergency wartime action, would dissolve on 25 November, with elections on 14 December.

勞合·喬治與博納·勞在1918年夏天達成秘密協議，在今屆大選中共同支持部分參選人。聯合政府向這些參選人發出被称为「聯合政府公認證」的認可信函，以證明該參選人獲聯合政府所支持。一共有159名自由黨、364名保守黨、20名國民民主工黨及2名支持聯合政府的工黨參選人收到了認可信。这些信函導致整場大選亦被稱作「認可信選舉」。

Following confidential negotiations over the summer of 1918, it was agreed that certain candidates were to be offered the support of the Prime Minister and the leader of the Conservative Party at the next general election. To these candidates a letter, known as the Coalition Coupon, was sent, indicating the government's endorsement of their candidacy. 159 Liberal, 364 Conservative, 20 National Democratic and Labour, and 2 Coalition Labour candidates received the coupon. For this reason, the election is often called the Coupon Election.

80名保守黨參選人並未收到認可信，當中35名隸屬於愛爾蘭統一黨。在其他未獲認可信的保守黨候選人中，只有23人與聯合政府參選人競選；其餘22名參選人則是在沒有認可信的選區競選，或是拒絕接受認可信。威廉·亞當森領導的工黨及其餘未收到認可信的自由黨員則獨立參選。

80 Conservative candidates stood without a coupon. Of these, 35 candidates were Irish Unionists. Of the other non-couponed Conservative candidates, only 23 stood against a Coalition candidate; the remaining 22 candidates stood in areas where there were no coupons, or refused the offer of a coupon.The Labour Party, led by William Adamson, fought the election independently, as did those Liberals who did not receive a coupon.

此次大選的主要議題並非在與德國達成何種和平協議，而是選民對勞合·喬治政府迄今為止所取得之成就和他就未來所作承諾的評核。勞合·喬治的支持者強調，他帶領英國贏得了大戰，並會建立一個「適合英雄生活的國家」。

，儘管這些問題起了一定作用。更重要的是選民對勞合·喬治迄今為止所取得成就和他對未來承諾的評價。他的支持者強調，他贏得了大戰。在他強大的社會立法記錄中，他呼籲建立一個“適合英雄生活的國家”。

The election was not chiefly fought over what peace to make with Germany, although those issues played a role. More important was the voters' evaluation of Lloyd George in terms of what he had accomplished so far and what he promised for the future. His supporters emphasised that he had won the Great War. Against his strong record in social legislation, he called for making "a country fit for heroes to live in".

聯合政府大勝

聯合政府在選舉中大勝，當中保守黨取得過半數的379席，足以獨自組閣。儘管如此，保守黨仍繼續留在聯合政府當中，並讓勞合·喬治繼續出任首相。保守黨希望勞合·喬治能在大選結束幾週後開始的巴黎和會中延續其外交政策。

聯合政府以外亦有47名保守黨參選人在沒有認可信的情況下取得議席，當中包括23名愛爾蘭統一黨參選人。他們在國會内除了與愛爾蘭獨立問題相關法案以外，會支持聯合政府。The coalition won the election easily, with the Conservatives the big winners. They were the largest party in the governing majority. Lloyd George remained Prime Minister, despite the Conservatives outnumbering his pro-coalition Liberals and had a majority in their own right. The Conservatives welcomed his leadership on foreign policy as the Paris Peace talks began a few weeks after the election.

An additional 47 Conservatives, 23 of whom were Irish Unionists, won without the coupon but did not act as a separate block or oppose the government except on the issue of Irish independence.

儘管聯合政府派的自由黨參選人大多成功連任，但阿斯奎斯一派的自由黨（一般稱作獨立自由黨以與親聯合政府的自由黨區分）參選人則幾近全軍覆沒。甚至阿斯奎斯及其他自由黨領導層亦在大選中落選。獨立自由黨派出277名參選人，只贏得36席（選後更有9名議員改投聯合政府一方），當選者中最資深的3人也僅出任過助理政務次長。1919年2月3日，獨立自由黨當中23名議員在國會中組建了「自由自由黨」黨團——黨團很快被大衆借用對蘇格蘭自由教會的貶稱而稱為「極少自由者」（Wee Frees）。在缺少阿斯奎斯的情況下，黨團同意其任命唐納德·麥克林為黨團主席。自由自由黨黨團曾一度嘗試與聯合政府派的自由黨議員共組聯合委員會但無果，最終黨團在4月4日宣佈解除政府黨鞭。麥克林出任反對黨領袖直至阿斯奎斯於1920年2月的補選中回歸下議院。

While most of the pro-coalition Liberals were re-elected, the Independent Liberal faction was reduced to a handful of MPs, not all of whom were opponents of the coalition. Asquith and the other leaders lost their seats, and only three with junior ministerial experience were elected. According to Trevor Wilson's book, The Downfall of the Liberal Party, 136 couponed Liberals were elected, whereas only 29 who did not receive the coupon were returned to Parliament, but as 8 Independent Liberals received the coupon and 10 Lloyd George Liberals did not, the actual number of the Asquith faction was 27. Another historian puts the Asquith faction at 36 seats, of whom nine of these MPs subsequently joined the Coalition Liberal group. The remainder became bitter enemies of Lloyd George. Asquith's biographer Stephen Koss accepts that, although accounts differ as to the exact numbers, around 29 uncouponed Liberals had been elected. On 3 February 1919, 23 non-coalition Liberals formed themselves into a "Free Liberal" group (soon known as the "Wee Frees" after a Scottish religious sect of that name); they accepted Asquith's appointment of Sir Donald Maclean as chairman in his absence. After a brief attempt to set up a joint committee with the Coalition Liberal MPs, the "Wee Frees" resigned the government whip on 4 April, although some Liberal MPs still remained of uncertain allegiance. Maclean served as Leader of the Opposition until Asquith returned at a by-election in February 1920.

工黨大幅增加了選票份額，超過了自由黨任何一個派系的總票數，但他們缺乏正式領袖。儘管如此，工黨的席位數量僅略有增加，從42席增至57席，他們的一些早期領袖，包括拉姆齊·麥克唐納和亞瑟·亨德森失去了席位。工黨首次在威爾士贏得最多席位（該地區以前由自由黨主導），這一壯舉一直持續到今天。

The Labour Party greatly increased its vote share and surpassed the total votes of either faction of the Liberal party, but they lacked an official leader. Labour could only slightly increase their number of seats, however, from 42 to 57 and some of their earlier leaders including Ramsay MacDonald and Arthur Henderson lost their seats. Labour won the most seats in Wales (which had previously been dominated by the Liberals) for the first time, a feat it has continued to the present day.

The Conservative MPs included record numbers of corporate directors, bankers and businessmen, while Labour MPs were mostly from the working class. Bonar Law himself symbolised the change in the type of a Conservative MP as he was a Presbyterian Canadian-born Scottish businessman who became, in the words of his biographer Robert Blake, the leader of "the Party of Old England, the Party of the Anglican Church and the country squire, the party of broad acres and hereditary titles". Bonar Law's ascent as leader of the Conservatives marked a shift in Conservative leaders from the aristocrats who generally led the party in the 19th century to a more middle class leadership who usually led the party in the 20th century. Many young veterans reacted against the harsh tone of the campaign and became disillusioned with politics.

保守黨議員中包括創紀錄數量的公司董事、銀行家和商人，而工黨議員大多來自工人階級。博納·勞本人象徵了保守黨議員類型的變化，他是一位加拿大出生的蘇格蘭長老會商人，在其傳記作者羅伯特·布萊克的話中，他成為了“舊英格蘭黨、英國國教會和鄉紳階層的黨、大農場和世襲頭銜的黨”的領袖。博納·勞成為保守黨領袖標誌著保守黨領導層從19世紀通常由貴族領導轉變為20世紀通常由中產階級領導的轉變。許多年輕的退伍軍人對競選活動的嚴厲語氣反感，對政治感到幻滅。

愛爾蘭

主条目：1918 Irish general election

Constance Markievicz was the first woman elected to the House of Commons and also to the Dáil Éireann, but as an Irish nationalist she did not take her seat at Westminster.

In Ireland, the Irish Parliamentary Party, which favoured Home Rule within the United Kingdom, lost almost all their seats, most of which were won by Sinn Féin under Éamon de Valera, which called for independence. The executions of many of the leaders of the Easter uprising of 1916, the force-feeding of those imprisoned in connection with the uprising who had gone on a hunger strike in 1917, and the Conscription Crisis of 1918 all served to alienate Irish Catholic opinion from the United Kingdom. The Sinn Féin candidates had promised on the campaign trail to win an Irish republic "by any means necessary", which was a code-word for violence, though it is not entirely clear if all Irish voters understood what the phrase meant. The 73 Sinn Féin elected members declined to take their seats in the British House of Commons, sitting instead in the Irish revolutionary assembly, the Dáil Éireann. On 17 May 1918 almost the entire leadership of Sinn Féin, including de Valera and Arthur Griffith, had been arrested. In total 47 of the Sinn Féin MPs were elected from jail. The Dáil first convened on 21 January 1919, which marks the beginning of the Irish War of Independence.

In the six Ulster counties that became Northern Ireland, Unionists consolidated their position by winning 23 out of the 30 seats. Cardinal Michael Logue brokered a pact in eight seats (one, East Donegal, not in the six counties), after nominations closed, where Catholic voters were instructed to vote for one particular nationalist party. Split evenly, the Irish Parliamentary Party won four of those seats and Sinn Féin three. (The pact failed in East Down). Joseph Devlin, memorably, also won Belfast (Falls) for the Irish Parliamentary Party in a straight fight with Éamon de Valera of Sinn Féin.

Constance Markievicz became the first woman elected to Parliament and also to the Dáil Éireann. She was a Sinn Féin member elected for Dublin St Patrick's, and like the other Sinn Féin MPs, did not take her seat at Westminster.

Women candidates

参见：Election results of women in United Kingdom general elections (1918–1945)

The seventeen women candidates were:

• Margery Corbett Ashby, aged 36, Liberal, Birmingham, Ladywood
• Winnifred Carney, aged 31, Sinn Féin, Belfast, Victoria
• Charlotte Despard, aged 74, Labour, Battersea, North
• Norah Dacre Fox, aged 40, Independent, Richmond
• Alison Vickers Garland, aged 56, Liberal, Portsmouth South
• Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, aged 51, Labour, Manchester, Rusholme
• Alice Lucas, aged 65, Conservative, Lambeth, Kennington
• Mary Macarthur (Mrs W. C. Anderson), aged 38, Labour, Stourbridge, Worcestershire
• Violet Markham (Mrs Carruthers), aged 46, Independent Liberal, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire
• Edith How Martyn, aged 43, Independent Progressive, Hendon, Middlesex
• Janet McEwan, aged 58, Liberal, Enfield, Middlesex
• Millicent Mackenzie, 55, Labour, University of Wales
• Constance Markievicz, aged 50, Sinn Féin, Dublin, St. Patrick's (elected)
• Eunice Murray, aged 41, Independent, Glasgow, Bridgetown
• Christabel Pankhurst, aged 38, Women's Party, Smethwick
• Emily Phipps, aged 53, Independent Progressive, Chelsea
• Ray Strachey, aged 31, Independent, Brentford and Isleworth, Middlesex

Results

Seats by party

UK General Election 1918

			候選人						選票
政黨		領袖	參選	勝出	進帳	落敗	增減	全部百分比	百分比	總數	百分比增減
Coalition Government
	保守黨	Bonar Law	445	379			+108	53.6	38.4	4,003,848	−8.2
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Coalition Liberal; width: 3px;" |	Coalition Liberal	David Lloyd George	145	127			+127	18.0	12.6	1,318,844	N/A
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Coalition National Democratic and Labour Party; width: 3px;" |	Coalition National Democratic and Labour Party		18	9			+9	1.3	1.5	156,834	N/A
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Coalition Labour; width: 3px;" |	Coalition Labour	N/A	5	4			+4	0.5	0.4	40,641	N/A
	Coalition Independent	N/A	1	1			+1	0.1	0.1	9,274	N/A
	Coalition Government (total)	David Lloyd George	614	520			+249	73.6	53.0	5,529,441	+6.4
Non-Coalition parties
	工黨	William Adamson	361	57			+15	8.1	20.8	2,171,230	+14.5
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Liberal Party (UK); width: 3px;" |	Liberal Party (UK)	H. H. Asquith	277	36			−236	5.1	13.0	1,355,398	−31.2
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Sinn Féin; width: 3px;" |	Sinn Féin	Éamon de Valera	102	73			+73	10.3	4.6	476,458	N/A
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Irish Parliamentary Party; width: 3px;" |	Irish Parliamentary Party	John Dillon	57	7			−67	1.0	2.2	226,498	−0.3
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Independent Labour; width: 3px;" |	Independent Labour	N/A	29	2	2		+2	0.3	1.1	116,322	+1.0
	無黨籍	N/A	42	2	2		+2	0.1	1.0	105,261	+1.0
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/National Party (UK, 1917); width: 3px;" |	National Party (UK, 1917)	Henry Page Croft	26	2	2		+2	0.3	0.9	94,389	N/A
	Independent NFDSS	James Hogge	30	0			0	0.0	0.6	58,164	N/A
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Co-operative Party; width: 3px;" |	Co-operative Party	William Henry Watkins	10	1	1		+1	0.1	0.6	57,785	N/A
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Independent Conservative; width: 3px;" |	Independent Conservative	N/A	17	1			0	0.1	0.4	44,637	+0.3
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Labour Unionist; width: 3px;" |	Labour Unionist	Edward Carson	3	3	3		+3	0.4	0.3	30,304	N/A
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Independent Liberal; width: 3px;" |	Independent Liberal	N/A	8	1	1		+1	0.1	0.2	24,985	+0.2
	Agriculturalist	Edward Mials Nunneley	7	0			0	0.0	0.2	19,412	N/A
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/National Democratic and Labour Party; width: 3px;" |	National Democratic and Labour Party		8	0			0	0.0	0.2	17,991	N/A
	NFDSS	James Hogge	5	0			0	0.0	0.1	12,329	N/A
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Belfast Labour Party; width: 3px;" |	Belfast Labour Party	N/A	4	0			0	0.0	0.1	12,164	N/A
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/National Socialist Party (UK); width: 3px;" |	National Socialist Party (UK)	H. M. Hyndman	3	1	1		+1	0.1	0.1	11,013	N/A
	Highland Land League	N/A	4	0			0	0.0	0.1	8,710	N/A
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Women's Party (UK); width: 3px;" |	Women's Party (UK)	Christabel Pankhurst	1	0			0	0.0	0.1	8,614	N/A
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/British Socialist Party; width: 3px;" |	British Socialist Party	Albert Inkpin	3	0			0	0.0	0.1	8,394	N/A
	Independent Democratic	N/A	4	0			0	0.0	0.1	8,351	N/A
	NADSS	James Howell	1	1	1		+1	0.1	0.1	8,287	N/A
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Independent Nationalist; width: 3px;" |	Independent Nationalist	N/A	6	0			0	0.0	0.1	8,183	+0.1
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Socialist Labour Party (UK, 1903); width: 3px;" |	Socialist Labour Party (UK, 1903)	Tom Bell	3	0			0	0.0	0.1	7,567	N/A
	Scottish Prohibition Party	Edwin Scrymgeour	1	0			0	0.0	0.0	5,212	N/A
style="background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Independent Progressive; width: 3px;" |	Independent Progressive	N/A	3	0			0	0.0	0.0	5,077	N/A
	Ind. Labour and Agriculturalist	N/A	1	0			0	0.0	0.0	1,927	N/A
	Christian Socialist	N/A	1	0			0	0.0	0.0	597	N/A

Total votes cast: 10,442,883. Turnout: 57.2%.

Votes summary

Popular vote Conservative   38.34% Labour   20.79% Liberal   12.98% Coalition Liberal   12.63% Sinn Féin   4.56% Irish Parliamentary   2.17% Others   8.53%

Popular vote (all coalition parties) Coalition Gov't   52.95% Labour   20.79% Liberal   12.98% Sinn Féin   4.56% Irish Parliamentary   2.17% Others   6.55%

Seats summary

Parliamentary seats Conservative   53.61% Coalition Liberal   17.96% Sinn Féin   10.33% Labour   8.06% Liberal   5.09% Irish Parliamentary   0.99% Others   3.96%

Parliamentary seats (all coalition parties) Coalition Gov't   73.55% Sinn Féin   10.33% Labour   8.06% Liberal   5.09% Irish Parliamentary   0.99% Others   1.98%

Maps

• 
• 
• 

Transfers of seats

• All comparisons are with the December 1910 election.
  • In some cases the change is due to the MP defecting to the gaining party. Such circumstances are marked with a *.
  • In other circumstances the change is due to the seat having been won by the gaining party in a by-election in the intervening years, and then retained in 1918. Such circumstances are marked with a †.

From		To		No.	Seats
	Labour| | rowspan="1" style="width: 2px; background-color: #DC241f;"|	工黨 (HOLD)	Labour (HOLD)		Burslem (replaced Staffordshire North West), Deptford, Plaistow (replaced West Ham South), Woolwich East (replaced Woolwich)
		[[Coalition Labour|Template:Party meta/shortname/Coalition Labour]]	Coalition Labour		Norwich (1 of 2), Stockport (1 of 2)
		[[Coalition National Democratic and Labour Party|Template:Party meta/shortname/Coalition National Democratic and Labour Party]]	Coalition National Democratic		Hanley
		[[Liberal Party (UK)|Template:Party meta/shortname/Liberal Party (UK)]]	Liberal
		[[Coalition Liberal|Template:Party meta/shortname/Coalition Liberal]]	National Liberal
		保守黨	Conservative		Bow and Bromley†, Nuneaton
	Sinn Féin| | rowspan="1" style="width: 2px; background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland);"|	[[Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland)|Template:Party meta/shortname/Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland)]]	Nationalist
		abolished
	Nationalist| | rowspan="1" style="width: 2px; background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland);"|	[[Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland)|Template:Party meta/shortname/Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland)]]	Nationalist
		abolished
[[Liberal-Labour (UK)|Template:Party meta/shortname/Liberal-Labour (UK)]]	Lib-Lab| | rowspan="1" style="width: 2px; background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Coalition Liberal;"|	[[Coalition Liberal|Template:Party meta/shortname/Coalition Liberal]]	National Liberal		Battersea North (replaced Battersea)
	Liberal| | rowspan="1" style="width: 2px; background-color: #DC241f;"|	工黨	Labour		Forest of Dean, Leek, Wellingborough (replaced Northamptonshire Mid)
		[[National Democratic and Labour Party|Template:Party meta/shortname/National Democratic and Labour Party]]	National Democratic		Walthamstow W (replaced Walthamstow)
		[[Liberal Party (UK)|Template:Party meta/shortname/Liberal Party (UK)]] (HOLD)	Liberal (HOLD)		Bermondsey West (replaced Bermondsey), Camborne, Cornwall North (replaced Launceston), Newcastle-under-Lyme, Norwich (1 of 2), Saffron Walden, Whitechapel and St Georges (replaced Whitechapel), Wolverhampton East
		[[Coalition Liberal|Template:Party meta/shortname/Coalition Liberal]]	National Liberal		Banbury, Barnstaple, Bedford, Bethnal Green NE, Bristol East, Bristol North, Bristol South, Cambridgeshire (replaced Chesterton), Crewe, Dartford, Dorset East, Eye, Hackney Central, Isle of Ely (replaced Wisbech), Kennington, Lichfield, Stepney Limehouse (replaced Limehouse), Lowestoft, Luton, Norfolk South, Norfolk South West, Northampton (1 of 2), Peckham, Poplar South (replaced Poplar), Romford, St Ives, Shoreditch (replaced Hoxton), South Molton, Southampton (both seats), Southwark Central (replaced Newington West), Southwark North (replaced Southwark West), Southwark South East (replaced Walworth), Stockport (1 of 2), Stoke-upon-Trent, Stroud, Thornbury, Wellington (Salop)
			Coalition Independent		Norfolk North
		无党籍	Independent		Hackney South
		保守黨	Conservative		Bedfordshire Mid (replaced Biggleswade), Bethnal Green South-West†, Buckingham, Camberwell North, Cheltenham†, Coventry, Exeter†, Frome, Gillingham (replaced Rochester), Ipswich (1 of 2)†, Islington East, Islington South, Islington West, Macclesfield, Norfolk East, Northwich, Peterborough, Reading†, Rotherhithe, St Pancras North, Stafford, Swindon (replaced Cricklade), Tottenham South (replaced Tottenham), Upton (replaced West Ham North), Westbury, Yeovil (replaced Somerset Southern)†
		abolished			Finsbury East, Haggerston, Hyde, Ipswich (1 of 2), Newmarket, Norfolk North West, Northampton (1 of 2), Northamptonshire East, St Austell, St George, Tower Hamlets, St Pancras East, Stepney, Truro, Worcestershire North
[[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Template:Party meta/shortname/Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)]]	Speaker| | rowspan="1" style="width: 2px; background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Liberal Party (UK);"|	[[Liberal Party (UK)|Template:Party meta/shortname/Liberal Party (UK)]]	Liberal
	Liberal Unionist| | rowspan="1" style="width: 2px; background-color: #0087DC;"|	保守黨	Conservative		Aylesbury*, Birmingham West*, Bodmin*, Burton*, Birmingham Handsworth*, Hythe*, Ludlow*, Portsmouth North (replaced 1 of 2 Portsmouth seats)*, Stepney Mile End (replaced Mile End)*, Birmingham Sparkbrook (replaced Birmingham South)*, Stone (replaced Staffordshire West)*, Torquay*, Totnes*, Westminster St George's (replaced St George, Hanover Square)*
		abolished			Ashburton, Birmingham Central, Birmingham North, Birmingham Bordesley, Droitwich, Norfolk Mid, Ross, Somerset Eastern, Worcestershire East
	Conservative| | rowspan="1" style="width: 2px; background-color: #DC241f;"|	工黨	Labour		Kettering (replaced Northamptonshire North), Kingswinford, Wednesbury, West Bromwich
		[[Liberal Party (UK)|Template:Party meta/shortname/Liberal Party (UK)]]	Liberal		Lambeth North, Weston-super-Mare (replaced Somerset Northern)
		[[Coalition Liberal|Template:Party meta/shortname/Coalition Liberal]]	National Liberal		Sudbury
		保守黨 (HOLD)	Conservative (HOLD)		Abingdon, Altrincham, Ashford, Birmingham Aston (replaced Aston Manor), Basingstoke, Bath (1 of 2), Bewdley, Bilston (replaced Wolverhampton South), Birkenhead East (replaced Birkenhead), Brentford and Chiswick (replaced Brentford), Bridgwater, Brighton (both seats), Bristol West, Brixton, Bury St Edmunds, Cambridge, Chatham, Chelmsford, Chelsea, Chertsey, Chester, Chichester, Chippenham, Cirencester and Tewkesbury (replaced Tewkesbury), Clapham, Colchester, Croydon South (replaced Croydon), Daventry (replaced Northamptonshire South), Devizes, Plymouth Devonport (replaced 1 of 2 Devonport seats), Dorset North, Dorset South, Dorset West, Dover, Plymouth Drake (replaced 1 of 2 Plymouth seats), Dudley, Dulwich, Ealing, East Grinstead, Eastbourne, Eddisbury, Birmingham Edgbaston, Enfield, Epping, Epsom, Birmingham Erdington (replaced Birmingham East), Essex South East, Evesham, Fareham, Faversham, Finsbury (replaced Finsbury Central), Fulham East (replaced Fulham), Gloucester, Gravesend, Great Yarmouth, Greenwich, Guildford, Hackney North, Hammersmith South (replaced Hammersmith), Hampstead, Harrow, Harwich, Hastings, Henley, Hereford, Hitchin, Holborn, Honiton, Hornsey, Horsham and Worthing (replaced Horsham), Huntingdonshire (replaced Huntingdon), Isle of Thanet, Isle of Wight, Islington North, Kensington North, Kensington South, Kidderminster, King's Lynn, Kingston upon Thames, Knutsford, Leominster, Lewes, Lewisham West (replaced Lewisham), City of London (both seats), Maidstone, Maldon, New Forest & Christchurch (replaced New Forest), Newbury, Norwood, Oswestry, Oxford, Paddington North, Paddington South, Penryn and Falmouth, Petersfield, Portsmouth South (replaced 1 of 2 Portsmouth seats), Reigate, Rugby, Rye, St Albans, St Marylebone (replaced Marylebone West), St Pancras South East (replaced St Pancras South), St Pancras South West (replaced St Pancras West), Salisbury, Sevenoaks, Shrewsbury, Stalybridge and Hyde (replaced Stalybridge), Plymouth Sutton (replaced 1 of 2 Plymouth seats), Tamworth, Taunton, Tavistock, Tiverton, Tonbridge (replaced Tunbridge), Uxbridge, Wandsworth Central (replaced Wandsworth), Warwick and Leamington, Watford, Wells, Westminster Abbey (replaced Westminster), Wimbledon, Winchester, Windsor, Wirral, Wolverhampton West, Woodbridge, Worcester, Wycombe
		[[National Party (UK, 1917)|Template:Party meta/shortname/National Party (UK, 1917)]]	National		Bournemouth (replaced Christchurch)†, Walsall
			Silver Badge		Hertford†
		abolished			Andover, Bath (1 of 2), Cirencester, Devonport (1 of 2), Marylebone East, Medway, Newport (Shropshire), Ramsey, St Augustine's, Stowmarket, Strand, Stratford upon Avon, Wellington (Somerset), Wilton, Wokingham, Woodstock
[[Independent Conservative|Template:Party meta/shortname/Independent Conservative]]	Ind. Conservative| | rowspan="1" style="width: 2px; background-color: #0087DC;"|	保守黨	Conservative		Canterbury†
	UUP| | rowspan="1" style="width: 2px; background-color: Template:Party meta/color/Ulster Unionist Party;"|	[[Ulster Unionist Party|Template:Party meta/shortname/Ulster Unionist Party]]	UUP
		abolished
[[Irish Unionist Alliance|Template:Party meta/shortname/Irish Unionist Alliance]]	Irish Unionist	abolished
Seat created| | rowspan="1" style="width: 2px; background-color: #DC241f;"|		工黨	Labour		Smethwick
		[[Coalition Labour|Template:Party meta/shortname/Coalition Labour]]	Coalition Labour		Cannock
		[[National Socialist Party (UK)|Template:Party meta/shortname/National Socialist Party (UK)]]	National Socialist Party		Silvertown
		[[National Democratic and Labour Party|Template:Party meta/shortname/National Democratic and Labour Party]]	National Democratic		Birmingham Duddeston, East Ham South
		[[Liberal Party (UK)|Template:Party meta/shortname/Liberal Party (UK)]]	Liberal		Portsmouth Central, Stourbridge
		[[Coalition Liberal|Template:Party meta/shortname/Coalition Liberal]]	National Liberal		Camberwell North-West, East Ham North, Leyton East
		保守黨	Conservative		Acton, Aldershot, Balham and Tooting, Battersea South, Birkenhead West, Bristol Central, Bromley, Chislehurst, Croydon North, Birmingham Deritend, Edmonton, Farnham, Finchley, Fulham West, Hammersmith North, Hemel Hempstead, Hendon, Ilford, Birmingham King's Norton, Birmingham Ladywood, Lewisham East, Leyton West, Mitcham, Birmingham Moseley, Putney, Richmond (Surrey), Southend, Spelthorne, Stoke Newington, Stratford, Streatham, Surrey East, Tottenham North, Twickenham, Wallasey, Walthamstow East, Willesden East, Willesden West, Wood Green, Woolwich West, Birmingham Yardley
		[[Ulster Unionist Party|Template:Party meta/shortname/Ulster Unionist Party]]	UUP

See also

• 1920 United States elections, the first held after the passage of the 19th amendment allowed American women to vote
• United Kingdom general elections
• List of MPs elected in the 1918 United Kingdom general election
• Parliamentary franchise in the United Kingdom 1885–1918, for details of the franchises replaced by the ones used in 1918
• 1918 Irish general election

Further reading

• Adelman, Paul. The Decline of the Liberal Party 1910–1931 (2014).
• Ball, Stuart R., Asquith's Decline and the General Election of 1918, Scottish Historical Review, 1982, 61 (171): 44–61, JSTOR 25529447 
• Craig, F.W.S., British Electoral Facts: 1832–1987, Dartmouth: Gower, 1989, ISBN 0900178302 
• Hallam, David J.A., Taking on the Men: the first women parliamentary candidates 1918, Studley 2018
• Hilson, Mary. "Women voters and the rhetoric of patriotism in the British general election of 1918" Women's History Review 10.2 (2001): 325–347.
• Koss, Stephen. Asquith. London: Hamish Hamilton. 1985. ISBN 978-0-231-06155-1. 
• McEwen, J. M., The Coupon Election of 1918 and Unionist Members of Parliament, Journal of Modern History, 1962, 34 (3): 294–306, JSTOR 1874358, S2CID 143523855, doi:10.1086/239118 
• McGill, Barry. "Lloyd George's Timing of the 1918 Election." Journal of British Studies 14.1 (1974): 109–124.
• Mowat, Charles Loch, Britain between the wars, 1918–1940, Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 2–9, 1955 
• Taylor, A. J. P., English History, 1914–1945, New York: Oxford University Press: 127–128, 1976, ISBN 0198217153 
• Turner, John, British Politics and the Great War: Coalition and Conflict, 1915–1918, New Haven: Yale University Press: 317–333, 391–436, 1992, ISBN 0300050461, covers the campaign as well as a statistical analysis of the vote 
• Wilson, Trevor, The Coupon and the British General Election of 1918, Journal of Modern History, 1964, 36 (1): 28–42, JSTOR 1874424, S2CID 144905456, doi:10.1086/239234 

External links

• Spartacus: Political Parties and Election Results
• United Kingdom election results—summary results 1885–1979

Manifestos

• 1918 Conservative manifesto
• 1918 Labour manifesto
• 1918 Liberal manifesto
• 1918 Sinn Féin manifesto

參考資料

• Craig, F. W. S. British Electoral Facts: 1832–1987. Dartmouth: Gower. 1989. ISBN 0900178302. 
• Spartacus: Political Parties and Election Results（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• http://www.election.demon.co.uk/geresults.html（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）