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墜落的人（The Falling Man） 是由美聯社的攝影師Richard Drew所拍攝的一張照片，相中 of a man falling from the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 9:41:15 a.m. during the September 11 attacks in New York City. The subject of the image, whose identity remains uncertain, was one of the people trapped on the upper floors of the skyscraper who either fell searching for safety or jumped to escape the fire and smoke. At least 200 people are believed to have fallen or jumped to their deaths that day while other estimates say the number is half of that or less. Officials could not recover or identify the bodies of those forced out of the buildings prior to the collapse of the towers. All deaths in the attacks except those of the hijackers were ruled to be homicides due to blunt trauma (as opposed to suicides). The New York City medical examiner's office said it does not classify the people who fell to their deaths on September 11 as "jumpers": "A 'jumper' is somebody who goes to the office in the morning knowing that they will commit suicide... These people were forced out by the smoke and flames or blown out."

The photograph, shown on the right, gives the impression that the man is falling straight down. A series of photographs were taken of his fall and showed him to be tumbling through the air.

The photographer has noted that, in at least two cases, newspaper stories commenting on the image have attracted a barrage of criticism from readers who found the image "disturbing". Regarding the social and cultural significance of The Falling Man, the theologian Mark D. Thompson of Moore Theological College said that "perhaps the most powerful image of despair at the beginning of the twenty-first century is not found in art, or literature, or even popular music. It is found in a single photograph."

Publication history

The photograph initially appeared in newspapers around the world, including on page 7 of The New York Times on September 12, 2001. The photo's caption read "A person falls headfirst after jumping from the north tower of the World Trade Center. It was a horrific sight that was repeated in the moments after the planes struck the towers." It appeared only once in the Times because of criticism and anger against its use. Six years later, it appeared on page 1 of the New York Times Book Review on May 27, 2007.

"The Falling Man" is the title of an article about the photograph by Tom Junod that was published in the September 2003 issue of Esquire magazine. The article was adapted as a documentary film by the same name. The article and film reveal "The Falling Man" may have been Jonathan Briley, known to have worked on the 106th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center. He either fell accidentally from the restaurant on that floor while searching for fresh air and safety, or decided to jump. He was an asthmatic and would have known he was in danger when smoke began to pour into the restaurant.

Identification

The identity of the subject of the Falling Man has never been officially confirmed. The fact that so many people were trapped in the tower has made identifying the man in the 12 photos difficult. It is thought that at least 200 people fell to their deaths, though the actual number is not certain.

The Globe and Mail reporter Peter Cheney suggested the man may have been Norberto Hernandez, based on his research, but, when Hernandez' family closely examined the entire photo sequence, they did not feel that it was him. Three other families claimed the man as a relative, but careful analysis of the photo confirmed the claims to be incorrect.

I hope we're not trying to figure out who he is and more figure out who we are through watching that.

Gwendolyn, 9/11: The Falling Man

Michael Lomonaco, the chef at Windows on the World, suggested that the man was Jonathan Briley, a 43-year-old employee of the North Tower restaurant. Briley was initially identified by his brother, Timothy. Lomonaco was able to identify Briley by his clothes and body-type. In one of the pictures, The Falling Man's clothes were blown away, revealing an orange undershirt similar to the shirt that Briley wore to work almost every day. His older sister, Gwendolyn, originally helped in identifying The Falling Man. She told reporters of The Sunday Mirror, "When I first looked at the picture...and I saw it was a man – tall, slim – I said, 'If I didn't know any better, that could be Jonathan.'"

Briley, who lived in Mount Vernon, New York, was also a sound engineer. His brother Alex Briley was an original member of the 1970s disco group Village People. A charity has been set up for Jonathan Briley's family.

Documentary film

9/11: The Falling Man is a 2006 documentary film about the picture and the story behind it. It was made by American filmmaker Henry Singer and filmed by Richard Numeroff, a New York-based director of photography. The film is loosely based on Junod's Esquire story. It also drew its material from photographer Lyle Owerko's pictures of falling people. It debuted on March 16, 2006, on the British television network Channel 4. It later made its North American premiere on Canada's CBC Newsworld on September 6, 2006, and has been broadcast in over 30 countries. The U.S. premiere was September 10, 2007, on the Discovery Times Channel.

Use in literature

The picture plays an important part in the book Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close by Jonathan Safran Foer. The last 15 pages of his text comprise a flip-book collection of images of a similar man shot by photographer Lyle Owerko falling upwards toward the top of the World Trade Center. Although he is not the first to make the claim, Foer demonstrates how the falling man is used as a symbol for grieving families much like the "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier."

Falling Man, a novel by Don DeLillo, is about the events of 9/11. The Falling Man in the novel is a performance artist recreating the events of the photograph. DeLillo says he was unfamiliar with the title of the picture when he named his book. The artist straps himself into a harness and jumps from an elevated structure in a high visibility area (such as a highway overpass), hanging in the pose of the falling man.

参考资料

• 9/11: The Falling Man (March 16, 2006). Channel 4.

扩展阅读

• Friend, David. Thursday, September 13. Watching The World Change: The Stories Behind the Images of 9/11. I.B.Tauris. 2007: 106–163. ISBN 1-84511-545-7. 
• Ingledew, John. Photography. Laurence King Publishing. 2005: 76. ISBN 1-85669-432-1. 
• Tallack, Douglas. New York Sights: Visualizing Old and New New York. Berg Publishers. 2005: 174–181. ISBN 1-84520-170-1. 

外部链接

• NPR interview with Esquire magazine writer Tom Junod, August 21, 2003
• 互联网电影数据库（IMDb）上《9/11: The Falling Man》的资料（英文）

[[Category:2001年逝世]] [[Category:2001年作品]] [[Category:Associated Press]] [[Category:Deaths by defenestration]] [[Category:Filmed deaths from falls]] [[Category:摄影作品]] [[Category:九一一恐怖襲擊事件]] [[Category:Terrorism deaths in New York]] [[Category:身份不明人物]] [[Category:Victims of the September 11 attacks]] [[Category:Works originally published in The New York Times]] [[Category:Photographs of the United States]] [[Category:Year of birth missing]]