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User:NHC/2021年Facebook癱瘓事件

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癱瘓期間的Facebook主頁面

2021年Facebook癱瘓事件（英語：2021 Facebook outage）發生在世界協調時間2021年10月4日15:39，社群網站Facebook及其子公司Messenger、Instagram、WhatsApp、Mapillary及Oculus（英语：Oculus (brand)）在全球範圍內超過7個小時無法使用。[1][2]還阻止了任何試圖使用Facebook登錄（英语：Log in with Facebook）的人訪問第三方網站。[3]在此期間，由於大量用戶改而湧向Twitter、Discord及Telegram等平台，曾導致這些應用程式的伺服器服務中斷。[4][5][6]

On October 4, 2021 at 15:39 协调世界时, the 社会网络 Facebook and its subsidiaries, Facebook Messenger, Instagram, WhatsApp, Mapillary, and Oculus（英语：Oculus (brand)）, became globally unavailable for more than seven hours.[1][2] The outage also prevented anyone trying to use "Log in with Facebook（英语：Log in with Facebook）" from accessing third-party sites.[7] During the outage, many users flocked to Twitter, Discord, and 电报, resulting in disruptions on these apps' servers.[4][8][9] The outage was caused by the loss of IP转发 to the Facebook 域名系统 (DNS) servers, which were all self-hosted at the time.[10][4] 边界网关协议 (BGP) routing was restored for the affected prefixes at about 20:50, and DNS services began to be available again at 21:05 UTC, but application-layer services were slowly restored to Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp more than an hour later, with service generally restored for users by 22:45.[11]

Causes 编辑

 
公共域名解析服务 returning “SERVFAIL” status for Facebook.com

Security experts identified the problem as a 边界网关协议 (BGP) withdrawal of the 网际协议 prefixes in which Facebook's 域名系统 were hosted, making it impossible for users to resolve（英语：Domain name resolution） Facebook and related domain names, and reach services.[2][12] Effects were visible globally; for example, Swiss Internet service provider Init7 recorded a massive drop in internet traffic to the Facebook servers after the change in the Border Gateway Protocol.[13]

Cloudflare reported that at 15:39 UTC, Facebook made a significant number of BGP updates, including the withdrawal of routes to the IP prefixes, which included all of their authoritative nameservers. This made Facebook's 域名系统 servers unreachable from the Internet. By 15:50 UTC, Facebook's 域名 had expired from the caches in all major public resolvers. A little before 21:00 UTC, Facebook resumed announcing BGP updates, with Facebook's domain name becoming resolvable again at 21:05 UTC.[14]

Facebook gradually returned after a team got access to server computers at the Santa Clara, Calif., data center and after reseted them.[4] By about 22:45 UTC, Facebook and related services were generally available again.[15]

Impact 编辑

The outage cut off Facebook's internal communications, preventing employees from sending or receiving external emails, accessing the corporate directory, and authenticating to some Google文件 and Zoom（英语：Zoom (software)） services.[1][2] 纽约时报 reported that employees were unable to access buildings and conference rooms with their security badges.[1] The site Downdetector, which monitors network outages, recorded over 10 million problem reports – the largest number for an incident to date.[16][17] Steve Gibson（英语：Steve Gibson (computer programmer)）, a security researcher, said a "Routine BGP update went wrong" locking out "people with remote access" to the servers to fix the mistake and people with physical access do not have authorization to fix the mistake.[18]

The Google Public DNS service also slowed down as a result of the outage,[19] while users of Gmail, 抖音, and Snapchat also experienced slowdowns.[20] 全国广播公司商业频道 reported that the outage was the worst experienced by Facebook since 2008.[21] During the day of the outage, shares in the company dropped by nearly 5% and Facebook CEO 马克·扎克伯格's wealth fell by more than $6 billion.[21][22][23] According to a report produced by 财富 (杂志) and Snopes, Facebook at least lost $60 million in 网络广告.[24]

Response 编辑

Facebook's Chief Technology Officer Mike Schroepfer（英语：Mike Schroepfer） wrote an apology after the downtime had extended to several hours, saying, "Teams are working as fast as possible to debug and restore as fast as possible."[25]

美国众议院 亚历山德里娅·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯 tweeted about the outage, asking people to share "evidence-based" stories on Twitter, making fun of Facebook's reputation for spreading 假新聞.[26] Twitter and Reddit also posted tweets on their official Twitter accounts ridiculing the outage.[17]

Users on both Twitter and Telegram reported a slowdown in response times, believed to be caused by people normally on Facebook services switching to those services.[25]

See also 编辑

References 编辑

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Locked out and totally down: Facebook is scrambling to fix massive outage. The Verge. October 4, 2021 [October 4, 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Lawler, Richard. Facebook is down, along with Instagram, WhatsApp, Messenger, and Oculus VR. The Verge. October 4, 2021 [October 4, 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  3. ^ Barrett, Brian. Why Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp All Went Down Today. Wired. [2021-10-05]. ISSN 1059-1028. （原始内容存档于October 5, 2021） （美国英语）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Isaac, Mike; Frenkel, Sheera. Facebook and all of its apps go down simultaneously.. 纽约时报. October 4, 2021 [October 4, 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  5. ^ Discord down? Current problems and outages. Downdetector. [4 October 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  6. ^ Dewar, Caitlyn. Is Twitter down?: Users report outage after Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram go down. The Herald（英语：The Herald (Glasgow)）. 4 October 2021 [4 October 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  7. ^ Barrett, Brian. Why Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp All Went Down Today. Wired. [2021-10-05]. ISSN 1059-1028. （原始内容存档于October 5, 2021） （美国英语）. 
  8. ^ Discord down? Current problems and outages. Downdetector. [4 October 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  9. ^ Dewar, Caitlyn. Is Twitter down?: Users report outage after Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram go down. The Herald（英语：The Herald (Glasgow)）. 4 October 2021 [4 October 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  10. ^ Madory, Doug. Facebook suffers global outage. Kentik. 4 October 2021 [October 4, 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  11. ^ Frenkel, Sheera. Facebook coming back online after lengthy outage.. The New York Times. [4 October 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  12. ^ Duffy, Clare; Lyngaas, Sean. Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp go down. CNN Business. October 4, 2021 [October 4, 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  13. ^ Insta und WhatsApp down – so stark schrumpfte der Internet-Traffic. watson.ch. [2021-10-04]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021） （德语）. 
  14. ^ Strickx, Tom; Martinho, Celso. Understanding How Facebook Disappeared from the Internet. 4 October 2021 [4 October 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  15. ^ Facebook, Whatsapp and Instagram back after outage. BBC News. 2021-10-04 [2021-10-04]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021） （英国英语）. 
  16. ^ Subrat Patnaik; Eva Mathews, Facebook, Instagram appear to partly reconnect after nearly six-hour outage, Reuters, 4 October 2021 [October 5, 2021], （原始内容存档于October 5, 2021） 
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 Facebook, Whatsapp and Instagram suffer outage. BBC News. October 4, 2021 [October 4, 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  18. ^ Steve Gibson [@SGgrc]. Someone on the Facebook recovery effort has explained that a routine BGP update went wrong, which in turn locked out those with remote access who could reverse the mistake. Those who do have physical access do not have authorization on the servers. Catch-22. (推文). [5 October 2021]. （原始内容存档于5 October 2021） –通过Twitter.  Missing or empty |date= (help)
  19. ^ Schoon, Ben. Google's 8.8.8.8 DNS service slows down amid massive Facebook outage. 9to5Google. October 4, 2021 [October 5, 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  20. ^ Massie, Graeme. Gmail, TikTok and Snapchat Users Complain Apps Slowing Down During Facebook Outage. 獨立報. October 4, 2021 [October 5, 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  21. ^ 21.0 21.1 Facebook is suffering its worst outage since 2008. CNBC. October 4, 2021 [October 4, 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  22. ^ Carpenter, Scott. Zuckerberg Loses $6 Billion in Hours as Facebook Plunges. Bloomberg. 2021-10-04 [2021-10-05]. （原始内容存档于October 5, 2021） （英语）. 
  23. ^ Facebook Outage Causes Share Drop, Zuckerberg Loses US$5.9B Net Worth - October 5, 2021. Daily News Brief. 2021-10-05 [2021-10-05] （美国英语）. 
  24. ^ Wong, Queenie. Facebook's massive outage costs the company an estimated $60 million in revenue. CNET. [5 October 2021]. （原始内容存档于5 October 2021）. 
  25. ^ 25.0 25.1 Massie, Graeme. Twitter users suggest site is slowing down as it takes pressure from Facebook and Instagram outage. The Independent. October 4, 2021 [October 4, 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
  26. ^ O'Connell, Oliver. AOC mocks Facebook outage by asking people to share positive 'evidence-based' stories on rival platform Twitter. The Independent. October 4, 2021 [October 4, 2021]. （原始内容存档于October 4, 2021）. 
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