昼夜节律

昼夜节律（英语：circadian rhythm）又称日夜节律、概日节律、日变周期、生理时钟（physiological clock），是一种生理现象，以内源性、持续的，呈现以约24小时为周期的变动；由日变时钟（circadian clock）所驱动。包括植物、动物、真菌等，都被观察到有类似生理变化。英语 circadian 源自拉丁语 circa，为大约、大概的意思；拉丁语 diem 是一天、一日之意。合起来，在字面上的意思，是大约一天。

人类昼夜节律（24小时）生物钟的一些特性

昼夜振荡器（circadian oscillator）则是驱动昼夜节律的中枢机制，使生物的生理节律与昼夜周期相一致，以近24小时为周期而振荡的节律，由基因产物作用于基因启动子所组成的反馈回路或其他反馈回路。

2017年来自美国的三位遗传学家杰弗理·霍尔（Jeffrey Hall）、迈克尔·罗斯巴希（Michael Rosbash）和迈克尔·扬（Michael Young）因发现控制昼夜节律的分子机制而共同赢得了诺贝尔生理医学奖。

延伸阅读

• Aschoff, J. (ed.) (1965) Circadian Clocks. North Holland Press, Amsterdam
• Avivi, A.; Albrecht, U.; Oster, H.; Joel, A.; Beiles, A.; Nevo, E. Biological clock in total darkness: the Clock/MOP3 circadian system of the blind subterranean mole rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. November 2001, 98 (24): 13751–6. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9813751A. PMC 61113 . PMID 11707566. doi:10.1073/pnas.181484498. 
• Avivi, A.; Oster, H.; Joel, A.; Beiles, A.; Albrecht, U.; Nevo, E. Circadian genes in a blind subterranean mammal II: conservation and uniqueness of the three Period homologs in the blind subterranean mole rat, Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. September 2002, 99 (18): 11718–23. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9911718A. PMC 129335 . PMID 12193657. doi:10.1073/pnas.182423299. 
• Li D, Ma S, Guo D, et al. Environmental circadian disruption worsens neurologic impairment and inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis in adult rats after traumatic brain injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol. February 2016. PMID 26886755. doi:10.1007/s10571-015-0295-2. 
• Ditty, J.L.; Williams, S.B.; Golden, S.S. A cyanobacterial circadian timing mechanism. Annual Review of Genetics. 2003, 37: 513–43. PMID 14616072. doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.142716. 
• Dunlap, J.C.; Loros, J.; DeCoursey, P.J. (2003) Chronobiology: Biological Timekeeping. Sinauer, Sunderland
• Dvornyk, V.; Vinogradova, O.; Nevo, E. Origin and evolution of circadian clock genes in prokaryotes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. March 2003, 100 (5): 2495–500. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.2495D. PMC 151369 . PMID 12604787. doi:10.1073/pnas.0130099100. 
• Koukkari, W.L.; Sothern, R.B. (2006) Introducing Biological Rhythms. Springer, New York
• Martino, T.; Arab, S.; Straume, M.; Belsham, Denise D.; et al. Day/night rhythms in gene expression of the normal murine heart. Journal of Molecular Medicine. April 2004, 82 (4): 256–64. PMID 14985853. doi:10.1007/s00109-003-0520-1. 
• Refinetti, R. (2006) Circadian Physiology, 2nd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton
• Takahashi, J.S.; Zatz, M. Regulation of circadian rhythmicity. Science. September 1982, 217 (4565): 1104–11. Bibcode:1982Sci...217.1104T. PMID 6287576. doi:10.1126/science.6287576. 
• Tomita, J.; Nakajima, M.; Kondo, T.; Iwasaki, H. No transcription-translation feedback in circadian rhythm of KaiC phosphorylation. Science. January 2005, 307 (5707): 251–4. Bibcode:2005Sci...307..251T. PMID 15550625. doi:10.1126/science.1102540. 
• Moore-Ede, Martin C.; Sulzman, Frank M.; Fuller, Charles A. The Clocks that Time Us: Physiology of the Circadian Timing System. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1982. ISBN 0-674-13581-4. 

相关条目

• 子午流注

外部连接

• 开放式目录计划中和昼夜节律相关的内容