左旋甲基苯丙胺
左旋甲基苯丙胺 (levomethamphetamine)[note 1]又称左旋甲基安非他命,是右旋甲基苯丙胺的旋光异构体。左旋甲基苯丙胺是拟交感神经血管收缩剂,是一些非处方(OTC) 鼻腔去阻塞吸入剂的活性成分[note 2]。
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临床资料 | |
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给药途径 | 医用 :吸入(鼻腔) 娱乐用 :口服 静脉注射, insufflation,吸入 栓剂 |
法律规范状态 | |
法律规范 |
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药物动力学数据 | |
药物代谢 | 肝脏 |
排泄途径 | 肾 |
识别信息 | |
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CAS号 | 33817-09-3 ![]() |
PubChem CID | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.046.974 |
化学信息 | |
化学式 | C10H15N |
摩尔质量 | 149.2 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
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药理学特性
编辑左旋甲基苯丙胺可穿越血脑屏障并作为TAAR1激动剂[3],也作为去甲肾上腺素释放剂 (对多巴胺系统较无影响[4])。它跟右旋甲基苯丙胺一样影响中枢神经系统,但作用方式不同[5]。不同于右旋甲基苯丙胺,它在低剂量没有造成欣快或成瘾的特性[5][6][4]。在他的几项生理作用中,血管收缩作用使其可用于去鼻腔阻塞喷剂[7]。
左旋甲基苯丙胺的半衰期约为13.3至15小时,右旋甲基苯丙胺则为10.5小时[8]。
参见
编辑注释
编辑参考资料
编辑- ^ CFR TITLE 21: DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE: PART 341 -- COLD, COUGH, ALLERGY, BRONCHODILATOR, AND ANTIASTHMATIC DRUG PRODUCTS FOR OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE. United States Food and Drug Administration. April 2015 [7 March 2016]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-25).
Topical nasal decongestants --(i) For products containing levmetamfetamine identified in 341.20(b)(1) when used in an inhalant dosage form. The product delivers in each 800 milliliters of air 0.04 to 0.150 milligrams of levmetamfetamine.
- ^ Levomethamphetamine. Pubchem Compound. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [2 January 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-06).
- ^ Levmetamfetamine. PubChem Compound. NCBI. [17 October 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-18).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Kuczenski, R; Segal, DS; Cho, AK; Melega, W. Hippocampus norepinephrine, caudate dopamine and serotonin, and behavioral responses to the stereoisomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. February 1995, 15 (2): 1308–17. PMID 7869099.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Melega, WP; Cho, AK; Schmitz, D; Kuczenski, R; Segal, DS. l-methamphetamine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for assessment of in vivo deprenyl-derived l-methamphetamine. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. February 1999, 288 (2): 752–8. PMID 9918585.
- ^ Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, Nath RP, Fernandez E, Jacob P, Everhart ET, Jones RT. Human pharmacology of the methamphetamine stereoisomers. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. October 2006, 80 (4): 403–20. PMID 17015058. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013.
- ^ {{cite web | author=Pray SW | title=Nonprescription Products to Avoid With Hypertension | work=uspharmacist.com | accessdate=17 October 2014 | url=http://www.uspharmacist.com/content/d/consult_your_pharmacist/c/19370/ (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) | quote=Topical Nasal Decongestants
- ^ Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, et al. Human pharmacology of the methamphetamine stereoisomers. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. October 2006, 80 (4): 403–20. PMID 17015058. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013.