非常规性别
术语
非常规性别（英语：gender nonconformity）或称性别变体（英语：Gender variance）是指个人的行为或性别表现不符合男性或女性的性别规范。非常规性别可能包括跨性别与非二元性别。就跨性别者而言，他们可能在性别转换之前被认为或感知自己是非常规性别的人，但在转换之后可能不会被视为非常规性别。一些双性人也可能表现出性别变体。[1]
术语 编辑
性别变体和非常规性别这两个术语被心理学[2][3]、精神病学[4]、人类学[5]和性别研究以及性别变体人群的倡议团体所使用。[6]性别变体这一术语使用很广泛，包括变性人、女同志的Tomboy、娘娘腔、海吉拉等特定术语。
参考文献 编辑
- ^ Douglas C. Halderman (2000), Gender Atypical Youth: Clinical and Social Issues. School Psychology Review, v29 n2 p192-200 2000
- ^ Lynne Carroll, Paula J. Gilroy, Jo Ryan (2002), Counseling Transgendered, Transsexual, and Gender-Variant Clients, Journal of Counseling & Development, Volume 80, Number 2, Spring 2002, pp. 131 - 139
- ^ Arlene Istar Lev, (2004) Transgender Emergence: Therapeutic Guidelines for Working With Gender-Variant People and Their Families. Haworth Press, ISBN 978-0-7890-0708-7
- ^ Walter O. Bockting, Randall D. Ehrbar (2006), "Commentary: Gender Variance, Dissonance, or Identity Disorder? pp. 125 - 134 in "Sexual and Gender Diagnoses of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM): A reevaluation edited by Dan Karasic and Jack Drescher, 2006, Haworth Press, ISBN 0-7890-3214-7 NB: Several articles in this book use the term "gender variance".
- ^ Serena Nanda (2000) Gender Diversity: Crosscultural Variations, Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc., 2000 ISBN 1-57766-074-9 NB: Nanda uses the term "gender variance" to encompass gender phenomena in different cultures.
- ^ "Gender Education and Advocacy (GEA) is a national [US] organization focused on the needs, issues and concerns of gender variant people in human society." Mission statement, available on the front page of the group's website: www.gender.org