非常規性別
术语
非常規性別（英語：gender nonconformity）或稱性別變體（英語：Gender variance）是指個人的行為或性別表現不符合男性或女性的性別規範。非常規性別可能包括跨性別與非二元性別。就跨性別者而言，他們可能在性別轉換之前被認為或感知自己是非常規性別的人，但在轉換之後可能不會被視為非常規性別。一些雙性人也可能表現出性別變體。[1]
術語 編輯
性別變體和非常規性別這兩個術語被心理學[2][3]、精神病學[4]、人類學[5]和性別研究以及性別變體人群的倡議團體所使用。[6]性別變體這一術語使用很廣泛，包括變性人、女同志的Tomboy、娘娘腔、海吉拉等特定術語。
參考文獻 編輯
- ^ Douglas C. Halderman (2000), Gender Atypical Youth: Clinical and Social Issues. School Psychology Review, v29 n2 p192-200 2000
- ^ Lynne Carroll, Paula J. Gilroy, Jo Ryan (2002), Counseling Transgendered, Transsexual, and Gender-Variant Clients, Journal of Counseling & Development, Volume 80, Number 2, Spring 2002, pp. 131 - 139
- ^ Arlene Istar Lev, (2004) Transgender Emergence: Therapeutic Guidelines for Working With Gender-Variant People and Their Families. Haworth Press, ISBN 978-0-7890-0708-7
- ^ Walter O. Bockting, Randall D. Ehrbar (2006), "Commentary: Gender Variance, Dissonance, or Identity Disorder? pp. 125 - 134 in "Sexual and Gender Diagnoses of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM): A reevaluation edited by Dan Karasic and Jack Drescher, 2006, Haworth Press, ISBN 0-7890-3214-7 NB: Several articles in this book use the term "gender variance".
- ^ Serena Nanda (2000) Gender Diversity: Crosscultural Variations, Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc., 2000 ISBN 1-57766-074-9 NB: Nanda uses the term "gender variance" to encompass gender phenomena in different cultures.
- ^ "Gender Education and Advocacy (GEA) is a national [US] organization focused on the needs, issues and concerns of gender variant people in human society." Mission statement, available on the front page of the group's website: www.gender.org