螺旋磁性

螺旋磁性是一種相鄰磁矩的自旋以螺旋模式進行排列的磁序形式，其特徵轉角介於0到180度之間。這種現象是鐵磁和反鐵磁交換相互作用之間競爭的結果，也可以分別將鐵磁和反鐵磁視為具有0度和180度特徵轉角的螺旋磁結構。螺旋磁序本質上可以是左旋或右旋的，因此螺旋磁序破壞了空間反演對稱性。

嚴格來說，螺旋磁體並沒有永久磁矩，因此有時被認為是一種複雜的反鐵磁體。而錐形磁性除了具有螺旋調製外還有永久磁矩（例如，金屬鈥在低於20K時表現出錐形磁性^[1]）。是否具有永久磁矩可以將螺旋磁體與錐形磁體區分開來。

螺旋磁性的概念於1959年首次提出，它可以作為對二氧化錳磁結構的解釋^[2]。螺旋磁性最初應用於中子繞射，後來發現它可以被洛倫茲電子顯微鏡更直接地觀察到^[3]。據報道，大部分材料在低溫下表現出螺旋磁性，然而也有一些螺旋磁結構可以在室溫下保持穩定^[4]。許多螺旋磁體具有手性立方結構，例如B20晶體結構類型。

就像普通鐵磁體具有分隔各個磁疇的疇壁一樣，螺旋磁體也有自己的以拓撲電荷為特徵的疇壁。 ^[5]

螺旋磁材料
材料	溫度範圍
β-MnO₂ ^[2]^[6]	< 93 K
FeGe, ^[4]	< 278 K
MnGe^[7]	< 170 K
MnSi, ^[8]	< 29 K
Fe_xCo_1−xSi (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.85) ^[9] ^[10]
Cu₂OSeO₃^[11]	< 58 K
Tb^[12]	219–231 K
Dy^[13]	85–179 K
Ho^[14]	20–132 K

參見

反對稱交換

參考文獻

^ Perreault, Christopher S.; Vohra, Yogesh K.; dos Santos, Antonio M.; Molaison, Jamie J. Neutron diffraction study of magnetic ordering in high pressure phases of rare earth metal holmium. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (Elsevier BV). 2020, 507: 166843. Bibcode:2020JMMM..50766843P. OSTI 1607351. doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.166843.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Yoshimori, Akio. A New Type of Antiferromagnetic Structure in the Rutile Type Crystal. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (Physical Society of Japan). 1959, 14 (6): 807–821. Bibcode:1959JPSJ...14..807Y. doi:10.1143/jpsj.14.807.
^ Uchida, Masaya; Onose, Yoshinori; Matsui, Yoshio; Tokura, Yoshinori. Real-Space Observation of Helical Spin Order. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)). 2006, 311 (5759): 359–361. Bibcode:2006Sci...311..359U. PMID 16424334. doi:10.1126/science.1120639.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Zhang, S. L.; Stasinopoulos, I.; Lancaster, T.; Xiao, F.; Bauer, A.; et al. Room-temperature helimagnetism in FeGe thin films. Scientific Reports (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2017, 7 (1): 123. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7..123Z. PMC 5427977  . PMID 28273923. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00201-z  .
^ Schoenherr, P.; Müller, J.; Köhler, L.; Rosch, A.; Kanazawa, N.; Tokura, Y.; Garst, M.; Meier, D. Topological domain walls in helimagnets. Nature Physics (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2018, 14 (5): 465–468. Bibcode:2018NatPh..14..465S. arXiv:1704.06288  . doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0056-5.
^ Regulski, M.; Przeniosło, R.; Sosnowska, I.; Hoffmann, J.-U. Incommensurate magnetic structure of β−MnO₂. Physical Review B (American Physical Society (APS)). 2003-11-03, 68 (17): 172401. ISSN 0163-1829. doi:10.1103/physrevb.68.172401.
^ Martin, N.; Mirebeau, I.; Franz, C.; Chaboussant, G.; Fomicheva, L. N.; Tsvyashchenko, A. V. Partial ordering and phase elasticity in the MnGe short-period helimagnet (PDF). Physical Review B (American Physical Society (APS)). 2019-03-13, 99 (10): 100402(R) [2021-09-26]. Bibcode:2019PhRvB..99j0402M. ISSN 2469-9950. doi:10.1103/physrevb.99.100402. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-30）.
^ Stishov, Sergei M; Petrova, A E. Itinerant helimagnet MnSi. Physics-Uspekhi (Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk (UFN) Journal). 2011-11-30, 54 (11): 1117–1130. Bibcode:2011PhyU...54.1117S. doi:10.3367/ufne.0181.201111b.1157.
^ Watanabe, Hideki; Tazuke, ichi; Nakajima, Haruo. Helical Spin Resonance and Magntization Measurement in Itinerant Helimagnet Fe_xCo_1−xSi (0.3≤x≤0.85). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (Physical Society of Japan). 1985, 54 (10): 3978–3986. Bibcode:1985JPSJ...54.3978W. doi:10.1143/jpsj.54.3978.
^ Bannenberg, L. J.; Kakurai, K.; Falus, P.; Lelièvre-Berna, E.; Dalgliesh, R.; et al. Universality of the helimagnetic transition in cubic chiral magnets: Small angle neutron scattering and neutron spin echo spectroscopy studies of FeCoSi. Physical Review B. 2017, 95 (14): 144433. Bibcode:2017PhRvB..95n4433B. arXiv:1701.05448  . doi:10.1103/physrevb.95.144433.
^ Seki, S.; Yu, X. Z.; Ishiwata, S.; Tokura, Y. Observation of Skyrmions in a Multiferroic Material. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)). 2012, 336 (6078): 198–201. Bibcode:2012Sci...336..198S. PMID 22499941. doi:10.1126/science.1214143.
^ Palmer, S. B.; Baruchel, J.; Farrant, S.; Jones, D.; Schlenker, M. Observation of Spiral Spin Antiferromagnetic Domains in Single Crystal Terbium. Boston, MA: Springer US. 1982: 413–417. ISBN 978-1-4613-3408-8. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3406-4_88.
^ Herz, R.; Kronmüller, H. Field-induced phase transitions in the helical state of dysprosium. Physica Status Solidi A (Wiley). 1978, 47 (2): 451–458. Bibcode:1978PSSAR..47..451H. doi:10.1002/pssa.2210470215.
^ Tindall, D. A.; Steinitz, M. O.; Kahrizi, M.; Noakes, D. R.; Ali, N. Investigation of the helimagnetic phases of holmium in ac‐axis magnetic field. Journal of Applied Physics (AIP Publishing). 1991, 69 (8): 5691–5693. Bibcode:1991JAP....69.5691T. doi:10.1063/1.347913.

[1] Perreault, Christopher S.; Vohra, Yogesh K.; dos Santos, Antonio M.; Molaison, Jamie J. Neutron diffraction study of magnetic ordering in high pressure phases of rare earth metal holmium. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (Elsevier BV). 2020, 507: 166843. Bibcode:2020JMMM..50766843P. OSTI 1607351. doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.166843.

[Yoshimori1959-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Yoshimori, Akio. A New Type of Antiferromagnetic Structure in the Rutile Type Crystal. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (Physical Society of Japan). 1959, 14 (6): 807–821. Bibcode:1959JPSJ...14..807Y. doi:10.1143/jpsj.14.807.

[3] Uchida, Masaya; Onose, Yoshinori; Matsui, Yoshio; Tokura, Yoshinori. Real-Space Observation of Helical Spin Order. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)). 2006, 311 (5759): 359–361. Bibcode:2006Sci...311..359U. PMID 16424334. doi:10.1126/science.1120639.

[Zhang2017-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Zhang, S. L.; Stasinopoulos, I.; Lancaster, T.; Xiao, F.; Bauer, A.; et al. Room-temperature helimagnetism in FeGe thin films. Scientific Reports (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2017, 7 (1): 123. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7..123Z. PMC 5427977  . PMID 28273923. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00201-z  .

[5] Schoenherr, P.; Müller, J.; Köhler, L.; Rosch, A.; Kanazawa, N.; Tokura, Y.; Garst, M.; Meier, D. Topological domain walls in helimagnets. Nature Physics (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2018, 14 (5): 465–468. Bibcode:2018NatPh..14..465S. arXiv:1704.06288  . doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0056-5.

[6] Regulski, M.; Przeniosło, R.; Sosnowska, I.; Hoffmann, J.-U. Incommensurate magnetic structure of β−MnO₂. Physical Review B (American Physical Society (APS)). 2003-11-03, 68 (17): 172401. ISSN 0163-1829. doi:10.1103/physrevb.68.172401.

[7] Martin, N.; Mirebeau, I.; Franz, C.; Chaboussant, G.; Fomicheva, L. N.; Tsvyashchenko, A. V. Partial ordering and phase elasticity in the MnGe short-period helimagnet (PDF). Physical Review B (American Physical Society (APS)). 2019-03-13, 99 (10): 100402(R) [2021-09-26]. Bibcode:2019PhRvB..99j0402M. ISSN 2469-9950. doi:10.1103/physrevb.99.100402. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-30）.

[8] Stishov, Sergei M; Petrova, A E. Itinerant helimagnet MnSi. Physics-Uspekhi (Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk (UFN) Journal). 2011-11-30, 54 (11): 1117–1130. Bibcode:2011PhyU...54.1117S. doi:10.3367/ufne.0181.201111b.1157.

[9] Watanabe, Hideki; Tazuke, ichi; Nakajima, Haruo. Helical Spin Resonance and Magntization Measurement in Itinerant Helimagnet Fe_xCo_1−xSi (0.3≤x≤0.85). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (Physical Society of Japan). 1985, 54 (10): 3978–3986. Bibcode:1985JPSJ...54.3978W. doi:10.1143/jpsj.54.3978.

[10] Bannenberg, L. J.; Kakurai, K.; Falus, P.; Lelièvre-Berna, E.; Dalgliesh, R.; et al. Universality of the helimagnetic transition in cubic chiral magnets: Small angle neutron scattering and neutron spin echo spectroscopy studies of FeCoSi. Physical Review B. 2017, 95 (14): 144433. Bibcode:2017PhRvB..95n4433B. arXiv:1701.05448  . doi:10.1103/physrevb.95.144433.

[11] Seki, S.; Yu, X. Z.; Ishiwata, S.; Tokura, Y. Observation of Skyrmions in a Multiferroic Material. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)). 2012, 336 (6078): 198–201. Bibcode:2012Sci...336..198S. PMID 22499941. doi:10.1126/science.1214143.

[12] Palmer, S. B.; Baruchel, J.; Farrant, S.; Jones, D.; Schlenker, M. Observation of Spiral Spin Antiferromagnetic Domains in Single Crystal Terbium. Boston, MA: Springer US. 1982: 413–417. ISBN 978-1-4613-3408-8. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3406-4_88.

[13] Herz, R.; Kronmüller, H. Field-induced phase transitions in the helical state of dysprosium. Physica Status Solidi A (Wiley). 1978, 47 (2): 451–458. Bibcode:1978PSSAR..47..451H. doi:10.1002/pssa.2210470215.

[14] Tindall, D. A.; Steinitz, M. O.; Kahrizi, M.; Noakes, D. R.; Ali, N. Investigation of the helimagnetic phases of holmium in ac‐axis magnetic field. Journal of Applied Physics (AIP Publishing). 1991, 69 (8): 5691–5693. Bibcode:1991JAP....69.5691T. doi:10.1063/1.347913.

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