国民阵线 (英国)
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国民阵线（英语：National Front，缩写为NF）是英国的一个极右翼新法西斯主义政党。总部在赫尔河畔京士顿的一个小党。该党在英国任何一级政府和议会都没有当选代表。 在七十年代的鼎盛时期，虽然从来没有在英国议会获得过席位，但却有少数地方议员。
英国国民阵线 National Front | |
|---|---|
| 领袖 | David MacDonald[1] |
| 副领袖 | Adam Lloyd[2] |
| 成立 | 1967年2月7日 |
| 总部 | 赫尔河畔京士顿[1] |
| 意识形态 | 英国法西斯主义[3] 新法西斯主义[4] 法西斯主义 极端民族主义 白人至上主义 纳粹主义 |
| 政治立场 | 极右翼 |
| 官方色彩 | 红色, 白色, 蓝色 |
| 党旗 | |
.svg) | |
| 官方网站 | |
| nationalfront | |
| 英国政治 政党 · 选举 | |
选举数据 编辑
大选 编辑
在70年代，作为选举阵营的阵线的出现，是英国政治的“前所未有的发展”，因为这是一个极右翼政党第一次获得这么多票。 这就质疑了长期以来的假设，即英国选民不像欧洲大陆那样，对极右呼吁“是免疫的”。[5]
到目前，这个政党并不如欧洲其他极右派政党(例如德国另类选择)的亮眼。[6]
| 年分 | Number of candidates | 总头票数 | Average voters per candidate | Percentage of vote | Saved deposits | Change (percentage points) | 当选议员 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 10 | 11,449 | 1,145 | 0.04 | 0 | N/A | 0 |
| Feb 1974 | 54 | 76,865 | 1,423 | 0.2 | 0 | +0.16 | 0 |
| Oct 1974 | 90 | 113,843 | 1,265 | 0.4 | 0 | +0.2 | 0 |
| 1979 | 303 | 191,719 | 633 | 0.6 | 0 | +0.2 | 0 |
| 1983 | 60 | 27,065 | 451 | 0.1 | 0 | −0.5 | 0 |
| 1987 | 1 | 286 | 286 | 0.0 | 0 | −0.1 | 0 |
| 1992 | 14 | 4,816 | 344 | 0.1 | 0 | +0.1 | 0 |
| 1997 | 6 | 2,716 | 452 | 0.0 | 0 | −0.1 | 0 |
| 2001 | 5 | 2,484 | 497 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 |
| 2005 | 13 | 8,029 | 617 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 |
| 2010 | 17 | 10,784 | 634 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 |
| 2015 | 7 | 1,114 | 159 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 |
参考资料 编辑
注记 编辑
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Regulated entity profile: National Front. The Electoral Commission. 26 March 2015 [1 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-18）. Registration reference:PP 2707
- ^ New National Front Leadership Announced. National Front. 17 November 2015 [4 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-23）.
- ^ Bowyer, Benjamin. Local context and extreme right support in England: The British National Party in the 2002 and 2003 local elections. Electoral Studies. December 2008, 27 (4).
- ^ Wilkinson 1981，第73页；Shaffer 2013，第460页.
- ^ Taylor 1982，第xi页.
- ^ Fielding 1981，第152页.
来源 编辑
- Baker, David L. A. K. Chesterton, the Strasser Brothers and the Politics of the National Front 19. 1985: 23–33. doi:10.1080/0031322X.1985.9969821.
|journal=被忽略 (帮助);|number=被忽略 (帮助)
- Copsey, Nigel. Contemporary British Fascism: The British National Party and the Quest for Legitimacy second. London and New York: Routledge. 2008. ISBN 978-0230574373.
- Durham, Martin. Women and Fascism. London: Routledge. 1998. ISBN 978-0415122795.
- Durham, Martin. The British Extreme Right and Northern Ireland 26. 2012: 195–211. doi:10.1080/13619462.2012.673713.
|journal=被忽略 (帮助);|number=被忽略 (帮助)
- Fielding, Nigel. The National Front. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1981. ISBN 978-0710005595.
- Hanna, Max. The National Front and Other Right‐Wing Organizations 3. 1974: 49–55. doi:10.1080/1369183X.1974.9975257.
|journal=被忽略 (帮助);|number=被忽略 (帮助)
- Husbands, Christopher T. Racial Exclusionism and the City: The Urban Support of the National Front. London: George Allen & Unwin. 1983. ISBN 0-04-329045-0.
- Shaffer, Ryan. The Soundtrack of Neo-Fascism: Youth and Music in the National Front 47. 2013: 458–482. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2013.842289.
|journal=被忽略 (帮助);|number=被忽略 (帮助)
- Sykes, Alan. The Radical Right in Britain: Social Imperialism to the BNP. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2005. ISBN 978-0333599242.
- Taylor, Stan. The Incidence of Coloured Populations and Support for the National Front. British Journal of Political Science. 1979, 9 (2): 250–255. JSTOR 193434. doi:10.1017/s0007123400001757.
- Taylor, Stan. The National Front in English Politics. London: Macmillan. 1982.
- Thurlow, Richard. Fascism in Britain: A History, 1918–1985. Oxford: Blackwell. 1987. ISBN 0-631-13618-5.
- Walker, Martin. The National Front. London: Fontana. 1977. ISBN 0006348246.
- Whiteley, Paul. The National Front Vote in the 1977 GLC Elections: An Aggregate Data Analysis. British Journal of Political Science. 1979, 9 (3): 370–380. JSTOR 193338. doi:10.1017/s000712340000185x.
- Wilkinson, Paul. The New Fascists. London: Grant McIntyre. 1981. ISBN 978-0330269537.
延伸阅读 编辑
- Baker, David. Ideology of Obsession: A. K. Chesterton and British Fascism. London and New York: Tauris Academic Studies. 1996.
- Billig, Michael. Fascists: A Social Psychological View of the National Front. London: Academic Press. 1978.
- Fielding, Nigel. Ideology, Democracy and the National Front 4. 1981b: 56–74. doi:10.1080/01419870.1981.9993324.
|journal=被忽略 (帮助);|number=被忽略 (帮助)
- Harrop, Martin; England, Judith; Husbands, Christopher T. The Bases of National Front Support 28. 1980: 271–283. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1980.tb01250.x.
|journal=被忽略 (帮助);|number=被忽略 (帮助)
- Husbands, Christopher T. Extreme Right‐Wing Politics in Great Britain: The Recent Marginalisation of the National Front. West European Politics. 1988, 11 (2): 65–79. doi:10.1080/01402388808424682.
- Steed, M. The National Front Vote. Parliamentary Affairs. 1978, 31 (3): 282–293. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pa.a054266.
- Weightman, G.; Weir, S. The National Front and the Young: A Special Survey. New Society. 1978, XLIV (812): 186–193.
- Whiteley, Paul. A Comment on 'The Incidence of Coloured Populations and Support for the National Front'. British Journal of Political Science. 1980, 10 (2): 267–268. JSTOR 193484. doi:10.1017/s0007123400002143.