毒蝰

毒蝰
保护状况
	; 无危（IUCN 3.1）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	爬行纲 Reptilia
目：	有鳞目 Squamata
亚目：	蛇亚目 Serpentes
科：	蝰科 Viperidae
属：	蝰属 Vipera
种：	毒蝰 V. aspis
二名法
	Vipera aspis; (Linnaeus, 1758)
异名
	[Coluber] aspis Linnaeus, 1758; Vipera Francisci Redi ; Laurenti, 1768; Vipera Mosis Charas Laurenti, 1768; Vipera vulgaris ; Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801; Vipera ocellata ; Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801; Coluber Charasii — Shaw, 1802; [Vipera (Echidna)] Aspis ; — Merrem, 1820; C[hersea]. vulgaris — Fleming, 1822; Vipera aspis — Metaxa, 1823; Aspis ocellata — Fitzinger, 1826; [Pelias] Col[uber]. aspis ; — F. Boie, 1827; Berus Vulgaris — Gray, 1831; Vipera aspis var. ocellata ; — Bonaparte, 1834; Vipera aspis var. ocellata ; — Massalongo, 1853; V[ipera]. (Vipera) aspis ; — Jan, 1863; Vipera berus subspec. aspis ; — Camerano, 1888; Vipera aspis — Boulenger, 1896; Vipera aspis var. lineata ; Düringen, 1897; [Vipera aspis] var. Delalande Phisalix, 1902; Vipera aspis aspis ; — Mertens, 1925; Mesovipera aspis ; — A.F.T. Reuss, 1927; Mesovipera maculata ; A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum); Mesovipera maculata aspis ; — A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum); Vipera ammodytes aspis ; — Schwarz, 1936; Vipera aspis delalande ; — M. Phisalix, 1968; Vipera (Rhinaspis) aspis aspis ; — Obst, 1983; Vipera aspis — Golay et al., 1993;

毒蝰（学名：Vipera aspis）是蝰属的一种毒蛇^[4]。其毒性很强，人类被咬后死亡率达4%^[5]。其种加词来自希腊语，意思就是“毒蛇”^[6]。它有五个亚种。^[7]

分类编辑

亚种^[7]	命名人^[7]	分布^[4]
V. aspis aspis	(Linnaeus, 1758)	欧洲大部分地区
V. aspis atra	Meisner, 1820	瑞士、法国和意大利阿尔卑斯山脉地区
V. aspis francisciredi	Laurenti, 1768	意大利中部
V. aspis hugyi	Schinz, 1833	意大利南部
V. aspis zinnikeri	Kramer, 1958	加斯科尼、安道尔和临近的西班牙地区

特征编辑

其体长一般在60—65厘米（24—26英寸）之间，雄蛇最长可达85 cm（33英寸），雌性则为75 cm（30英寸），但雄性身体要比雌性细一些.。^[4]

参考文献编辑

^ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
^ Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the...Viperidæ. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (Vipera aspis, pp. 481-485.)
^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
^ Street D. 1979. The Reptiles of Northern and Central Europe. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. 268 pp. ISBN 0-7134-1374-3.
^ Gotch AF. 1986. Reptiles – Their Latin Names Explained. Poole, UK: Blandford Press. 176 pp. ISBN 0-7137-1704-1.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Vipera aspis. ITIS. [2006-08-13].

外部连接编辑

European Field Herping Community
TIGR Reptile Database上的Vipera aspis
Vipera aspis （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Accessed 9 October 2006.
Asp viper, Vipera aspis （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at Reptiles & Amphibians of France （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Accessed 6 June 2008.

[1] The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.

[2] Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the...Viperidæ. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (Vipera aspis, pp. 481-485.)

[McD99-3] McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).

[Mal03-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.

[Str79-5] Street D. 1979. The Reptiles of Northern and Central Europe. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. 268 pp. ISBN 0-7134-1374-3.

[Got-6] Gotch AF. 1986. Reptiles – Their Latin Names Explained. Poole, UK: Blandford Press. 176 pp. ISBN 0-7137-1704-1.

[ITIS-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Vipera aspis. ITIS. [2006-08-13].

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[3]

[1]

[2]

毒蝰

保护状况
无危（IUCN 3.1）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	爬行纲 Reptilia
目：	有鳞目 Squamata
亚目：	蛇亚目 Serpentes
科：	蝰科 Viperidae
属：	蝰属 Vipera
种：	毒蝰 V. aspis
二名法
*Vipera aspis* (Linnaeus, 1758)

异名^[3]
[Coluber] aspis Linnaeus, 1758 Vipera Francisci Redi Laurenti, 1768^[1]^[2] Vipera Mosis Charas Laurenti, 1768 Vipera vulgaris Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801 Vipera ocellata Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801 Coluber Charasii — Shaw, 1802 [Vipera (Echidna)] Aspis — Merrem, 1820 C[hersea]. vulgaris — Fleming, 1822 Vipera aspis — Metaxa, 1823 Aspis ocellata — Fitzinger, 1826 [Pelias] Col[uber]. aspis — F. Boie, 1827 Berus Vulgaris — Gray, 1831 Vipera aspis var. ocellata — Bonaparte, 1834 Vipera aspis var. ocellata — Massalongo, 1853 V[ipera]. (Vipera) aspis — Jan, 1863 Vipera berus subspec. aspis — Camerano, 1888 Vipera aspis — Boulenger, 1896 Vipera aspis var. lineata Düringen, 1897 [Vipera aspis] var. Delalande Phisalix, 1902 Vipera aspis aspis — Mertens, 1925 Mesovipera aspis — A.F.T. Reuss, 1927 Mesovipera maculata A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum) Mesovipera maculata aspis — A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum) Vipera ammodytes aspis — Schwarz, 1936 Vipera aspis delalande — M. Phisalix, 1968 Vipera (Rhinaspis) aspis aspis — Obst, 1983 Vipera aspis — Golay et al., 1993

毒蝰

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