第三方法则
第三方法则（ third-party doctrine；第三方原则；第三人理论；第三人原则）是美国的法律原则，认为自愿向第三方提供信息的人、比如银行、电话公司、互联网服务供应商（ISP）及电子邮件服务器，致使“对隐私没有合理的期望”。如此缺乏隐私保护使得美国政府无需合法令状即可从第三方获取信息，也无需遵守《美国宪法第四修正案》即在没有相当理由、及司法搜查令下禁止搜查与扣押之法律。[1]
注释 编辑
- ^ Thompson II, Richard M. The Fourth Amendment Third-Party Doctrine.
延伸阅读 编辑
- Kerr, Orin S. The Case for the Third-Party Doctrine (PDF). Mich. L. Rev.. 2009, 107 (4): 561–602. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于October 7, 2009）.
- Chaker, Vania. Your Spying Smartphone: Individual Privacy Is Narrowly Strengthened in Carpenter v. United States, The U.S. Supreme Court's Most Recent Fourth Amendment Ruling. Journal of Tech Law. 21 September 2018 [21 September 2018]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-27）.
- Chaker, Vania. Chimaera I: Chimaera Unleashed: The Specter of Warrantless Governmental Intrusion Is a Phantom that Has Achieved Greater Life in the Ether of Internet Communications. Journal of Tech Law. 6 August 201, 23 [6 August 2019]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-19）.
参见 编辑
外部链接 编辑
- The Third Party Doctrine in the Digital Age, Justice Action CenterStudent Capstone Journal, 2012
- The Data Question: Should the Third-Party Records Doctrine Be Revisited? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- The Fourth Amendment Third-Party Doctrine （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Congressional Research Service, 2014