加卫苗,(亦作GardasilGardisilSilgardrecombinant human papillomavirus vaccine [types 6, 11, 16, 18]),[1][2]人类乳突病毒疫苗的一种,用于预防特定毒株人类乳突病毒(HPV),[3]特别是6,11,16和18型。[4][5]约70%的子宫颈癌[6][7],以及大多数的肛门癌[8]外阴癌阴道癌[9]阴茎癌由16和18型HPV病毒感染造成。约90%的尖锐湿疣病例由6型和11型的HPV病毒感染引起。尽管加卫苗不能清除体内已经存在的病毒,仍然推荐HPV阳性患者接种,因为疫苗可以使患者免受其他种类毒株的感染。[10]加卫苗所预防的毒株都是通过性行为传播的。加卫苗在2006年6月8日由美国食药监局认可。至2008年,美国41个州也相继认可了该疫苗。[11]除美国外,还有120个国家认可加卫苗。[12]美国食药监局建议青春期前及无性行为经验的人群接种该疫苗。[4][13][14]

加卫苗
疫苗说明
目标人类乳突病毒(16、18、6、11型)
种类蛋白质亚基疫苗
临床资料
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureGardasil
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa607016
给药途径肌肉注射
ATC码
法律规范状态
法律规范
识别信息
CAS号910046-32-1  checkY
ChemSpider
  • none

2014年12月,美国食药监局又认可了一支基于加卫苗开发的九价HPV疫苗,加卫-9[注 1]。这支疫苗新增了5种HPV毒株的表面蛋白[注 2][15]

注解

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  1. ^ 亦作:Gardasil 9
  2. ^ 这五种毒株分别是HPV-31、HPV-33、HPV-45、HPV-52和HPV-58,20%的子宫颈癌由它们引起。

参考

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  1. ^ Silgard European Public Assessment Report. 欧洲药品管理局. 2009-09-25 [2009-12-05]. (原始内容存档于2009-12-26). 
  2. ^ Waknine, Yael. International Approvals: Singulair and Gardasil/Silgard. Medscape Today. 2006-10-02 [2008-12-18]. (原始内容存档于2013-05-20). 
  3. ^ Richwine, Lisa. UPDATE 2-U.S. health officials back safety of Merck vaccine. Reuters. 2009-08-20 [2009-11-12]. (原始内容存档于2009-08-27). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Markowitz, L. E.; Dunne, E. F.; Saraiya, M.; Lawson, H. W.; Chesson, H.; Unger, E. R.; Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC); Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) (PDF). MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports / Centers for Disease Control. 2007, 56 (RR-2): 1–24 [2016-03-06]. PMID 17380109. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-09-24). 
  5. ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). FDA licensure of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4, Gardasil) for use in males and guidance from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) (PDF). MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2010, 59 (20): 630–632 [2016-03-06]. PMID 20508594. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-09-24). 
  6. ^ Lowy DR, Schiller JT. Prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines. J. Clin. Invest. May 2006, 116 (5): 1167–73 [2009-11-12]. PMC 1451224 . PMID 16670757. doi:10.1172/JCI28607. (原始内容存档于2008-12-29). 
  7. ^ Muñoz N, Bosch FX, Castellsagué X. Against which human papillomavirus types shall we vaccinate and screen? The international perspective. Int. J. Cancer. August 2004, 111 (2): 278–85. PMID 15197783. doi:10.1002/ijc.20244. 
  8. ^ Cortez, Michelle Fay; Pettypiece, Shannon. Merck Cancer Shot Cuts Genital Warts, Lesions in Men (Update2). Bloomberg News. 2008-11-13 [2009-11-12]. [永久失效链接]
  9. ^ FDA Approves Expanded Uses for Gardasil to Include Preventing Certain Vulvar and Vaginal Cancers (新闻稿). 美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA). 2008-09-12 [2009-11-11]. (原始内容存档于2010-03-06). 
  10. ^ The Ethics of Vaccination. Springer Publishing Company. [2013-09-29]. 
  11. ^ The Ethics of vaccination. Springer Publishing Company. [2013-10-03]. 
  12. ^ Haupt, Richard; Sings, Heather. The efficacy and safety of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus 6/11/16/18 vaccine gardasil. Journal of Adolescent Health. November 2011, 49 (5): 467–475. PMID 22018560. doi:10.1016/jodohealth.2011.07.003. 
  13. ^ Gardasil full prescribing information (PDF). Merck & Co. [2009-11-11]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-03-18). 
  14. ^ Gardasil Vaccine Safety. Vaccine Safety & Availability. 美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA). 2009-08-20 [2009-11-11]. (原始内容存档于2009-11-15). 
  15. ^ FDA approves Gardasil 9 for prevention of certain cancers caused by five additional types of HPV (press release). 2014-12-10 [2015-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2015-01-10). 

外部链接

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