天蝎-半人马星协

天蝎-半人马星协(有时称为天蝎-半人马天蝎OB2)是离太阳最近的 OB星协。这个星协由三个子群组成(上天蝎、上半人马座-豺狼下半人马座–南十字),距离约为130秒差距或420光年[1]。Rizzuto及其同事利用改进的依巴谷卫星数据,更仔细地分析了附近的恒星,使已知成员的数量达到436颗。因为他们发现恒星的分布更加连绵,他们怀疑是否有必要新增子群[2]

天蝎座-半人马星协所在区域的星图。
包含一半银河平面太阳背点的星图。天蝎-半人马星协在左边,最左边是上天蝎子群。

天蝎-半人马星协的年龄在1,100万(上天蝎子群)[3]至1,500万年(上半人马-豺狼和下半人马-南十字子群)。许多在天蝎座豺狼座半人马座南十字座星座的亮星,都是天蝎-半人马星协的成员。太阳背点也包含在这个区域[4]。质量从大约15太阳质量(心宿二)到氢燃烧极限以下(即棕矮星)的数百颗恒星,已被确认为天蝎-半人马子群的成员[5],三个子群中美一群的恒星总数可能都在1000–2000量级[6]。 天蝎-半人马OB星协似乎是最近(<2,000万年)和正在进行的恒星形成的大型复合体中最明显的部分。在天蝎-半人马星协周边紧邻几个恒星形成区分子云:蛇夫座ρ烟斗星云巴纳德68蝘蜓座豺狼座南冕座煤袋云复合体(距离约120-200秒差距),以及几个星数较少、年轻的恒星形成区,包括年约300万至500万年的蝘蜓座ε群英语Epsilon Chamaelenotis group、约700万年前蝘蜓座ε移动星群英语Eta Chamaelenitis moving group、800万年的长蛇座TW星协、约1,200万年的绘架座β移动星群,可能还有约3,000万至5,000万年的IC 2602疏散星团[4]

天蝎-半人马星协的恒星成员每年的自行约为0.02–0.04角秒,这表明这些恒星的速度向量几乎平行于太阳,以相对约20公里/秒的速度移动。子群内速度的离散度仅为1–2km/s的数量级[7],而且这个群体很可能是不受引力束缚的。在过去的1,500万年里,有几颗超新星在天蝎-半人马星协爆炸,在星协周围留下了一个膨胀的气体超级气泡网络[8],包括环I气泡

解释在深海铁锰结壳和太平洋沉积物中的生物磁铁矿晶体中存在放射性60Fe[9],据推测,大约在300万年前在太阳附近爆炸的一颗超新星,可能是天蝎-半人马星协的成员[10], 导致上新世-更新世边界海洋灭绝英语Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary marine extinction[11]然而,其它发现引用了这颗超新星发生在超过100秒差距处的距离,认为它不太可能通过所谓的紫外线B(UV-B)灾难的机制促成这次灭绝[9][12]。 2019年,研究人员在南极洲发现了星际铁,它们与本地星际云有关,后者可能在天蝎-半人马星协附近形成[13]

猎户臂的特写,主要是来自本地泡与天蝎-半人马星协。星协(黄色),星云(红色)和暗星云灰色核球

2021年12月,在上天蝎星协发现了大约70颗新的星际行星[14]

天蝎-半人马星协的子群包含最年轻的[15] 凌日系外行星K2-33 b(1,100万年)[16]TOI-1227 b英语TOI 1227 b (1,100万年)[17]、和HIP 67522 b英语HIP 67522 b(1,700万年)[18]。它还包含直接成像系外行星,例如UScoCTIO 108英语UScoCTIO 108 bPDS 70系统[19]

相关条目

编辑

参考资料

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  1. ^ Melnik, A. M.; Dambis, A. K. Distance scale for high-luminosity stars in OB associations and in field with Gaia DR2. Spurious systematic motions. Astrophysics and Space Science. 2020, 365 (7): 112. Bibcode:2020Ap&SS.365..112M. S2CID 220128144. arXiv:2006.14649 . doi:10.1007/s10509-020-03827-0. 
  2. ^ Rizzuto, Aaron; Ireland, Michael; Robertson, J. G., Multidimensional Bayesian membership analysis of the Sco OB2 moving group, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, October 2011, 416 (4): 3108–17, Bibcode:2011MNRAS.416.3108R, S2CID 54510608, arXiv:1106.2857 , doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19256.x. 
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  5. ^ Preibisch, T.; et al. Exploring the Full Stellar Population of the Upper Scorpius OB Association. Astronomical Journal. 2002, 124 (1): 404–416. Bibcode:2002AJ....124..404P. doi:10.1086/341174 . 
  6. ^ Mamajek, E.E.; Meyer, M.R. & Liebert, James. Post-T Tauri Stars in the Nearest OB Association. Astronomical Journal. 2002, 124 (3): 1670–1694. Bibcode:2002AJ....124.1670M. S2CID 16855894. arXiv:astro-ph/0205417 . doi:10.1086/341952. 
  7. ^ Madsen, S.; et al. Astrometric radial velocities. III. Hipparcos measurements of nearby star clusters and associations. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2002, 381 (2): 446–463. Bibcode:2002A&A...381..446M. S2CID 17596452. arXiv:astro-ph/0110617 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011458. 
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  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Ludwig, Peter; et al. Time-resolved 2-million-year-old supernova activity discovered in Earth's microfossil record. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016, 113 (33): 9232–9237. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.9232L. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4995991 . PMID 27503888. arXiv:1710.09573 . doi:10.1073/pnas.1601040113 . 
  10. ^ Fields, Brian D.; Hochmuth, Kathrin A.; Ellis, John. Deep-Ocean Crusts as Telescopes: Using Live Radioisotopes to Probe Supernova Nucleosynthesis. Astrophys. J. 2005, 621 (2): 902–07. Bibcode:2005ApJ...621..902F. S2CID 17932224. arXiv:astro-ph/0410525 . doi:10.1086/427797. 
  11. ^ Benítez, N.; Maíz-Apellániz, J.; Canelles M. Evidence for nearby supernova explosions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 88 (8): 081101. Bibcode:2002PhRvL..88h1101B. PMID 11863949. S2CID 41229823. arXiv:astro-ph/0201018 . doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.081101. 
  12. ^ Cockell, CS. Crises and extinction in the fossil record—A role for ultraviolet radiation?. Paleobiology. 1999, 25 (2): 212–225. S2CID 132108580. doi:10.1017/S0094837300026518. 
  13. ^ Koll, D.; et., al. Interstellar 60Fe in Antarctica. Physical Review Letters. 2019, 123 (7): 072701. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.123g2701K. PMID 31491090. S2CID 201868513. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.072701. 
  14. ^ ESO telescopes help uncover largest group of rogue planets yet. European Southern Observatory. 22 December 2021 [22 December 2021]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-25).  See also attached research paper页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  15. ^ Planetary Systems. exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. [2022-09-12]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-22). as of September 2022 
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  19. ^ Keppler, M.; Benisty, M.; Müller, A.; Henning, Th.; van Boekel, R.; Cantalloube, F.; Ginski, C.; van Holstein, R. G.; Maire, A. -L.; Pohl, A.; Samland, M.; Avenhaus, H.; Baudino, J. -L.; Boccaletti, A.; de Boer, J. Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2018-09-01, 617: A44. Bibcode:2018A&A...617A..44K. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:1806.11568 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832957 .