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平台

編輯

Microsoft Windows

編輯

Steam 最初於 2003 年專門為 Microsoft Windows 發布，但後來被移植到了其他平台。[1] 最新的 Steam 客戶端版本使用嵌入式 Chromium 框架（英語：Chromium Embedded Framework）。[2] 為了利用其較新的界面元素的一些功能，Steam 使用了 64 位版本的 Chromium，這使得它在舊的作業系統，如 Windows XP 和 Windows Vista 無法使用。Windows 上的 Steam 也依賴於後期版本的 Windows 中內置的一些安全功能。2019 年，Steam 對 XP 和 Vista 的支持被取消。雖然仍在這些作業系統上的用戶能夠使用客戶端，但他們無法使用較新的功能。大約只有 0.2% 的 Steam 用戶在該行動開始時受此影響。[3]

macOS

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2010 年 3 月 8 日，Valve 宣布為 Mac OS X 提供客戶端。[1] 在宣布這一消息之前，Steam 測試版客戶端進行了修改，以支持跨平台的 WebKit 網絡瀏覽器渲染引擎，而不是 Internet Explorer 的 Trident 引擎。[4][5][6] Before this announcement, Valve teased the release by e-mailing several images to Mac community and gaming websites; the images featured characters from Valve games with Apple logos and parodies of vintage Macintosh advertisements.[7][8] Valve developed a full video homage to Apple's 1984 Macintosh commercial to announce the availability of Half-Life 2 and its episodes on the service; some concept images for the video had previously been used to tease the Mac Steam client.[9]

Steam for Mac OS X was originally planned for release in April 2010; but was pushed back to May 12, 2010, following a beta period. In addition to the Steam client, several features were made available to developers, allowing them to take advantage of the cross-platform Source engine, and platform and network capabilities using Steamworks.[10] Through SteamPlay, the macOS client allows players who have purchased compatible products in the Windows version to download the Mac versions at no cost, allowing them to continue playing the game on the other platform. Some third-party games may require the user to re-purchase them to gain access to the cross-platform functionality.[11] The Steam Cloud, along with many multiplayer PC games, also supports cross-platform play, allowing Windows, macOS, and Linux users to play with each other regardless of platform.[1]

Linux

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Valve announced in July 2012 that it was developing a Steam client for Linux and modifying the Source engine to work natively on Linux, based on the Ubuntu distribution.[12] This announcement followed months of speculation, primarily from the website Phoronix that had discovered evidence of Linux developing in recent builds of Steam and other Valve.[13] Newell stated that getting Steam and games to work on Linux is a key strategy for Valve; Newell called the closed nature of Microsoft Windows 8 "a catastrophe for everyone in the PC space", and that Linux would maintain "the openness of the platform".[14] Valve is extending support to any developers that want to bring their games to Linux, by "making it as easy as possible for anybody who's engaged with us—putting their games on Steam and getting those running on Linux", according to Newell.[14]

The team developing the Linux client had been working for a year before the announcement to validate that such a port would be possible.[15] As of the official announcement, a near-feature-complete Steam client for Linux had been developed and successfully run on Ubuntu.[15] Internal beta testing of the Linux client started in October 2012; external beta testing occurred in early November the same year.[16][17] Open beta clients for Linux were made available in late December 2012,[18] and the client was officially released in mid-February 2013.[19] At the time of announcement, Valve's Linux division assured that its first game on the OS, Left 4 Dead 2, would run at an acceptable frame rate and with a degree of connectivity with the Windows and Mac OS X versions. From there, it began working on porting other games to Ubuntu and expanding to other Linux distributions.[12][20][21] Linux games are also eligible for SteamPlay availability.[22] Versions of Steam working under Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux were released by October 2013.[23] By June 2014, the number of Linux-compatible games on Steam had reached over 500,[24] surpassing over 1,000 by March 2015.[25] A year later, in March 2016, this number doubled to over 2,000.[26] In October 2018, Steam for Linux reached the 5,000 native games mark.[27]

In August 2018, Valve released a beta version of Proton, an open-source Windows compatibility layer for Linux, so that Linux users could run Windows games directly through Steam for Linux, removing the need to install the Windows version of Steam in Wine. Proton is composed of a set of open-source tools including Wine and DXVK among others. The software allows the use of Steam-supported controllers, even those not compatible with Windows.[28] Steam Proton added support for NVidia's 深度學習超級採樣 (DLSS) on supported video cards and games in June 2021.[29]

其他平台

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At E3 2010, Newell announced that Steamworks would arrive on the PlayStation 3 with Portal 2. It would provide automatic updates, community support, downloadable content and other unannounced features.[30] Steamworks made its debut on consoles with Portal 2's PlayStation 3 release. Several features—including cross-platform play and instant messaging, Steam Cloud for saved games, and the ability for PS3 owners to download Portal 2 from Steam (Windows and Mac) at no extra cost—were offered.[31] Valve's Counter-Strike: Global Offensive also supports Steamworks and cross-platform features on the PlayStation 3, including using keyboard and mouse controls as an alternative to the gamepad.[32] Valve said it "hope[s] to expand upon this foundation with more Steam features and functionality in DLC and future content releases".[33]

The Xbox 360 does not have support for Steamworks. Newell said that they would have liked to bring the service to the console through the game Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, which would have allowed Valve to provide the same feature set that it did for the PlayStation 3,[34] but later said that cross-platform play would not be present in the final version of the game.[35] Valve attributes the inability to use Steamworks on the Xbox 360 to limitations in the Xbox Live regulations of the ability to deliver patches and new content. Valve's Erik Johnson stated that Microsoft required new content on the console to be certified and validated before distribution, which would limit the usefulness of Steamworks' delivery approach.[36]

移動端

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Valve released an official Steam client for iOS and Android devices in late January 2012, following a short beta period.[37] The application allows players to log into their accounts to browse the storefront, manage their games, and communicate with friends in the Steam community. The application also incorporates a two-factor authentication system that works with Steam Guard, further enhancing the security of a user's account. Newell stated that the application was a strong request from Steam users and sees it as a means "to make [Steam] richer and more accessible for everyone".[38] A mobile Steam client for Windows Phone devices was released in June 2016.[39] In May 2019, a mobile chat-only client for Steam was released under the name Steam Chat.[40]

On May 14, 2018, a "Steam Link" app with remote play features was released in beta to allow users to stream games to Android phones.[41] It was also submitted to the iOS App Store, but was denied by Apple Inc., who cited "business conflicts with app guidelines".[41][42] Apple later clarified its rule at the following Apple Worldwide Developers Conference in early June, in that iOS apps may not offer an app-like purchasing store, but does not restrict apps that provide remote desktop support that would allow users to purchases content through the remote desktop.[43] In response, Valve removed the ability to purchase games or other content through the app and resubmitted it for approval in June 2018, where it was accepted by Apple and allowed on their store in May 2019.[44][45]

Steam Machine

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主條目：Steam Machine (hardware platform)

Prior to 2013, industry analysts believed that Valve was developing hardware and tuning features of Steam with apparent use on its own hardware. These computers were pre-emptively dubbed as "Steam Boxes" by the gaming community and expected to be a dedicated machine focused upon Steam functionality and maintaining the core functionality of a traditional video game console.[46] In September 2013, Valve unveiled SteamOS, a custom Linux-based operating system they had developed specifically aimed for running Steam and games, and the final concept of the Steam Machine hardware.[47] Unlike other consoles, the Steam Machine does not have set hardware; its technology is implemented at the discretion of the manufacturer and is fully customizable, much like a personal computer.[48]

編輯
主條目：Steam Link

Steam Link was a set-top box that removed the need for HDMI cables for displaying a PC's screen and allowed for wireless connection when connecting to a TV. That was discontinued in 2018, but now "Steam Link" refers to the Remote Play mobile app that allows users to stream content, such as games, from a PC to a mobile device over a network.[49][50][51]

Steam 雲暢玩

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Valve included beta support for Steam Cloud Play in May 2020 for developers to allow users to play games in their library which developers and publishers have opted to allow in a cloud gaming service. At launch, Steam Cloud Play only worked through Nvidia's GeForce Now service and would link up to other cloud services in the future though whether Valve would run its own cloud gaming service was unclear.[52]

蒸汽平台

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2019 年 8 月在上海舉行的蒸汽平台發布會

2019 年 6 月，維爾福與上海的遊戲公司完美世界合作開發中國大陸版 Steam，並定名為「蒸汽平台」。首批在該平台上架的遊戲將有約 40 款，其中包含《Dota 2》、《Dota 霸業》等[53][54]。據維爾福的業務人員透露，現有的 Steam 不會放棄中國大陸市場[55]，但還是造成了中國大陸的用戶內部的恐慌。

2021 年 1 月，Valve 官方宣布蒸汽平台將於 2021 年初登陸中國[56][57]。2 月，CSGO 發布公告稱蒸汽平台將於 2021 年 2 月 9 號開始進行測試[58]。

中國擁有對視頻遊戲和網際網路使用的嚴格規定，但是，可以繞過中國的政府防火牆訪問 Steam。目前，Steam 用戶中有很大一部分來自中國。到 2017 年 11 月，超過一半的 Steam 用戶基礎都精通中文，這是因為「 Dota 2」和「 絕地求生」在中國的廣泛流行所造成的，[59][60] 一些開發商報告說，中國玩家約占其遊戲玩家總數的 30％。[61]

在 2017 年 12 月中國屏蔽Steam社區，導致許多功能無法使用後，[62] Valve 和完美世界宣布將幫助提供符合中國網際網路要求的經過正式批准的 Steam 版本。完美世界之前曾與 Valve 合作，以通過批准的政府程序幫助將「 Dota 2」和「 反恐精英:全球攻勢」帶入中國。[61][63] 在蒸汽平台上發行的所有遊戲都將通過政府批准程序，並滿足其他政府運營要求，例如要求中國公司運行任何具有在線形象的遊戲。[61]

蒸汽平台也獨立於 Steam 的其餘版本運行。它是根據中國對視頻遊戲的嚴格規定製成的，僅通過政府批准的內容出版。[64] Valve 並沒有計劃阻止中國用戶訪問 Steam 平台，而是會嘗試確保玩家的雲數據在兩者之間仍然可用。[61] 該客戶端於 2021 年 2 月 9 日作為公開測試版發布，發布時提供了約 40 種遊戲。[65]

Steam Deck

編輯
主條目：Steam Deck

In July 2021, Valve revealed the Steam Deck, a handheld gaming computer with plans to ship in December 2021. The Deck is designed for the play of Steam games, but can be placed into a separate dock, purchased separately, that allows the Deck to output to an external display and use the dock's power, networking, and connected USB accessories.[66]

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