文化权利
此條目目前正依照其他维基百科上的内容进行翻译。 (2018年7月6日) |
文化权利保障了选择、創作和鑒賞文化艺术的權利。
文化保护
编辑Gregory Paul Meyjes提出了可交互的文化交流，而不是将文化保护作为目的的本身，更多地关注文化群体之间“生态”关系的实现，作为公平互动的条件和有机文化变革的能力。 [1][2] 民族文化和跨文化主义——他将社会和制度政策定义为在机构，群体，法律效力范围下，监管机构或政策限制范围内寻求适应少数群体及其成员的文化特定权利和态度的社会和制度政策。 或有关社会的普遍化问题。[3]
群体文化保护
编辑Cultural rights of groups focus on such things as religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies that are in danger of disappearing. Cultural rights include a group’s ability to preserve its way of life, such as child rearing, continuation of language, and security of its economic base in the nation, which it is located. The related notion of indigenous intellectual property rights (IPR) has arisen in attempt to conserve each society’s culture base and essentially prevent ethnocide.
The cultural rights movement has been popularized because much traditional cultural knowledge has commercial value, like ethno-medicine, cosmetics, cultivated plants, foods, folklore, arts, crafts, songs, dances, costumes, and rituals. Studying ancient cultures may reveal evidence about the history of the human race and shed more light on our origin and successive cultural development. However, the study, sharing and commercialization of such cultural aspects can be hard to achieve without infringing upon the cultural rights of those who are a part of that culture.
Cultural rights should be taken into consideration also by local policies. In that sense, the Agenda 21 for culture, the first document with worldwide mission that advocates establishing the groundwork of an undertaking by cities and local governments for cultural development, includes as cultural rights as one of the principles and states: “Local governments recognize that cultural rights are an integral part of human rights, taking as their reference the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)”.[4]
人类文化学
编辑"Cultural rights are vested not in individuals but in groups, such as religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies." All cultures are brought up differently, therefore cultural rights include a group's ability to preserve its culture, to raise its children in the ways it forebears, to continue its language, and to not be deprived of its economic base by the nation in which it is located." Anthropologists sometimes choose not to study some cultures beliefs and rights, because they believe that it may cause misbehavior, and they choose not to turn against different diversities of cultures. Although anthropologists sometimes do turn away from studying different cultures they still depend a lot on what they study at different archaeological sites.
參考來源
编辑- ^ Meyjes 1999，第9頁
- ^ Meyjes 2012，第407頁
- ^ Meyjes 2012，第12, 381ff.頁
- ^ Agenda 21 for culture. [2020-10-11]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-27）.
- Meyjes, Gregory Paul P. Language and Universalization: a ‘Linguistic Ecology’ Reading of Bahá’í Writ. The Journal of Bahá’í Studies. Volume IX (1). Ottawa: Association for Bahá’í Studies. 1999: 51–63.
- Meyjes, Gregory Paul P. Multi-Ethnic Conflicts in U.S. Military Theatres Overseas: Intercultural Imperatives. Franke, Volker; Dorff, Robert H. (编). Conflict Management: A Tool for U.S. National Security Strategy (PDF). Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. 2012: 381–438 [2018-07-06]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-03-02）.
- Cultural Rights in the 20th Century" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Homi Bhabha and John Gray (In Our Time, Dec. 10. 1998)