梭法螺属

梭法螺属; 化石时期：始新世 - 現在 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	一隻在印尼阿洛島附近出現的梭法螺属物種
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha
科：	嵌線螺科 Cymatiidae
属：	梭法螺属 Cymatium; Röding, 1798
模式種
	Murex femorale; Linnaeus, 1758
異名
	Cymatium (Linatella) Gray, 1857; Linatella Gray, 1857; Lotorium Montfort, 1810; Luterium Herrmannsen, 1846 (emendation of Lotorium Montfort, 1810); Nyctilochus Gistel, 1848; Tritocurrus Lesson, 1842;

梭法螺属（學名：Cymatium），又名象法螺屬^[2]或嵌線螺屬^[3]，是法螺科嵌線螺亞科之下的一個屬，包括從小型到大型的掠食性海螺，是一個海洋腹足綱軟體動物的分類單元^[1]。

本屬物種繁多，有差不多一百種，遍佈世界各地。因此有貝殼學家將本屬物種再細分為十個亞屬，也有建議將部分亞屬提升至屬級，但這些建議到現在都未有公論。

化石紀錄编辑

本屬的化石紀錄已知從始新世到第四紀（距今：從5580到1.2萬年前）^[4]。

形態描述编辑

這些海螺雌雄異體，會產下卵筴^[5]。孵化後，幼蟲有一個浮游生物階段，可以（在某些物種中）持續數月; 這是在某些物種中看到的廣泛分佈，因為在沉降到海底之前可以將浮游幼蟲攜帶很遠的距離。

分類编辑

亞屬编辑

目前本屬有至少十個亞屬^[6]，部分亞屬有學者建議提升至屬級。不管如何，這些亞屬或屬都詳列如下：

Cymatium Röding, 1798, type species: Cymatium femorale
毛螺亞屬 Monoplex G. Perry, 1811, type species: Cymatium parthenopeum
Gelagna Schaufuss, 1869, type species: Cymatium succinctum
Ranularia Schumacher, 1817, type species: Cymatium gutturnium
Gutturnium Mørch, 1852, type species: Cymatium muricinum
Reticutriton Habe and Kosuge, 1966：模式屬：Cymatium pfeifferianum
Linatella Gray, 1868, type species: Cymatium cutaceum
Lotoria Emerson and Old, 1963, type species: Cymatium perryi
籬螺亞屬 {{link-en|籬螺屬|Septa (gastropod)|Septa]] Perry, 1810：模式種為Septa rubecula，被WoRMS提升至屬級。
Turritriton Dall, 1904, type species: Cymatium gibbosum

物種编辑

根據World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)，本屬目前包括下列物種^[1]：

丹氏象法螺
玉口象法螺
瘦毛法螺
褐唇象法螺
中华象法螺
印度洋法螺
厚唇法螺
大象法螺
宝石法螺
小白法螺
毛法螺
深沟象法螺 cod
多彩法螺 con
鸟头象法螺 eu
Cymatium femorale (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cymatium raderi D’Attilio & Myers, 1984
Cymatium ranzanii (Bianconi, 1850)
Cymatium tigrinum (Broderip, 1833)

異名物種编辑

Cymatium aegrotum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia gallinago (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium aquatile (Reeve, 1844) : synonym of Monoplex aquatilis (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium cingulatum (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
Cymatium clandestinum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Gelagna succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
Cymatium closeli Beu, 1987: synonym of Septa closeli (Beu, 1987)
Cymatium comptum (A. Adams, 1855) : synonym of Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855)
Cymatium corrugatum (Lamarck, 1816);: synonym of Monoplex corrugatus (Lamarck, 1816)
Cymatium cutaceum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
Cymatium cynocephalum (Lamarck, 1816) : synonym of Ranularia cynocephala (Lamarck, 1816)
Cymatium doliarium Lamarck: synonym of Cabestana dolaria (Linnaeus, 1767)
Cymatium durbanensis (E.A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Monoplex durbanensis (E.A. Smith, 1899)
Cymatium exaratum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium exaratum durbanense (E. A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Cymatium exaratum (Reeve, 1844) accepted as Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
秀美象法螺 Cymatium exile: synonym of Ranularia exilis (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium gallinago (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia gallinago (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium gemmatum Reeve: synonym of Monoplex gemmatus (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium gibbosum (Broderip, 1833): synonym of Turritriton gibbosus (Broderip, 1833)
Cymatium grandimaculatum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Lotoria grandimaculata (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium hepaticum (Röding, 1798): synonym of Septa hepatica (Röding, 1798)
Cymatium kleinei (Sowerby III, 1889): synonym of Monoplex klenei (G.B. Sowerby III, 1889)
Cymatium kobelti: synonym of Turritriton kobelti (Maltzan, 1884)
Cymatium krebsii (Mörch, 1877) : synonym of Monoplex krebsii (Mörch, 1877)
Cymatium labiosum (W. Wood, 1828) : synonym of Turritriton labiosus (Wood, 1828)
象鼻法螺 Cymatium lotorium (Linnaeus, 1758)：今作Lotoria lotoria
Cymatium marerubrum: synonym of Septa marerubrum (Garcia-Talavera, 1985)
Cymatium martinianum (d'Orbigny, 1847) : synonym of Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cymatium moniliferum (Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ranularia monilifera (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
Cymatium moritinctum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia cynocephala (Lamarck, 1816)
Cymatium mundum (Gould, 1849): synonym of Monoplex mundus (Gould, 1849)
Cymatium muricinum (Röding, 1798) : synonym of Gutturnium muricinum (Röding, 1798)
Cymatium nicobaricum (Röding, 1798) : synonym of Monoplex nicobaricus (Röding, 1798)
Cymatium occidentale (Mörch, 1877) is a synonym of Septa occidentalis (Mörch, 1877)
Cymatium olearium Linnaeus: synonym of Ranella olearium (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793) : synonym of Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum (Salis, 1793): synonym of Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
Cymatium penniketi Beu, 1998: synonyom of Monoplex penniketi (Beu, 1998)
Cymatium pharcidum (Dall, 1889): synonym of Turritriton tenuiliratus (Lischke, 1873)
菲氏瘦法螺 Cymatium pfeifferianum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Reticutriton pfeifferianus (Reeve, 1844)
梨形嵌線螺^[3] Cymatium pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Ranularia pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cymatium rubeculum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Septa rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758)
肉唇象法螺 Cymatium sarcostomum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia sarcostoma (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium (Ranularia) sinense (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia sinensis (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium (Linatella) succinctum (Linnaeus, 1771): synonym of Linatella succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
Cymatium testudinarium (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ranularia testudinaria (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
Cymatium tranquebaricum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Monoplex tranquebaricus (Lamarck, 1816)
Cymatium trigonum (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Monoplex trigonus (Gmelin, 1791)
Cymatium trilineatum: synonym of Ranularia trilineata (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium vespaceum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Monoplex vespaceus (Lamarck, 1822)

Cymatium species found in the Western Atlantic include:[1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

Cymatium rehderi A. H. Verrill, 1950 : synonym of Ranularia rehderi (A.H. Verrill, 1950)

Other species include:

Cymatium tabulatus aka Turritriton tabulatus exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium parkinsonianum (Perry, 1811): synonym of Austrotriton parkinsonius Perry, 1811
Cymatium pileare (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Cymatium (Septa) pileare (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cymatium perryi Emerson, W.K. & W.E. Jr. Old, 1963: synonym of Lotoria perryi (Emerson & Old, 1963)

圖庫编辑

Fossil shell of Cymatium affine from Pliocene of Italy
Fossil shell of Cymatium doderleini from Pliocene of Italy

參考文獻编辑

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. Cymatium Röding, 1798. WoRMS. [2018-06-02].
^ Cymatium echo. [2017-03-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-06）（中文（繁體））.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 蔡英亞. 兩廣近海嵌線螺科的初步研究（原始文獻連結）. 湛江水產學院學報. 1982-07, 1: 20–26 [2018-06-01] （中文（简体））.
^ Cymatium. Paleobiology Database.
^ 蝸牛(螺)殺手-鑽紋螺居然產卵了!!. 2012-08-23 [2017-05-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-02-14）（中文（繁體））.
^ ?. [2017-03-05]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-16）.

外部連結编辑

維基物種上的相關信息：梭法螺属
Info about subgenera and illustrations of type species for the subgenera and other species in the subgenera at [2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Malacolog info at: [3] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[WoRMS_138426-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. Cymatium Röding, 1798. WoRMS. [2018-06-02].

[2] Cymatium echo. [2017-03-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-06）（中文（繁體））.

[Shelldoc_420090220098_04-3] 3.0 ^3.1 蔡英亞. 兩廣近海嵌線螺科的初步研究（原始文獻連結）. 湛江水產學院學報. 1982-07, 1: 20–26 [2018-06-01] （中文（简体））.

[AA-4] Cymatium. Paleobiology Database.

[5] 蝸牛(螺)殺手-鑽紋螺居然產卵了!!. 2012-08-23 [2017-05-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-02-14）（中文（繁體））.

[6] ?. [2017-03-05]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-16）.

[2]

[3]

[1]

[4]

[5]

[6]

梭法螺属

化石紀錄 编辑

形態描述 编辑

分類 编辑

亞屬 编辑

物種 编辑

異名物種 编辑

圖庫 编辑

參考文獻 编辑

外部連結 编辑