蝾螺科

鐘螺目的一科软体动物

蝾螺科(学名:Turbinidae)是一个包括有小型到大型海洋腹足纲软体动物的一个[1]。旧属原始腹足目,现时蝾螺科是钟螺目钟螺总科之下的一个科[2]

蝾螺科
Three views of a shell of Turbo cornutus with the operculum in place
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 软体动物门 Mollusca
纲: 腹足纲 Gastropoda
亚纲: 古腹足亚纲 Vetigastropoda
目: 钟螺目 Trochida
总科: 钟螺总科 Trochoidea
科: 蝾螺科 Turbinidae
Rafinesque, 1815

见内文

本科在2005年的分类很庞大,包含多个亚科与物种[3],但这些亚科后来都从蝾螺科独立出来,组成各自的科与总科,到现在又重聚到钟螺总科之下[2]

型态特征

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本科物种的一大特征,是其钙质口盖,使之与非常近似但有着角质口盖的钟螺科物种分辨开来。蝾螺科物种坚固的口盖成为了它们的一种被动的防御构造,得以抵挡捕食者尝试从其壳口或壳唇进侵其柔软的身体。

贝壳多呈陀螺形。分布于热带、亚热带、温带的海洋,以热带水域为多,栖息于潮间带到浅海之岩礁区。

分布及栖息地

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按照Williams et al. (2008),蝾螺科物种由多个支序组成,而且无论在浅水区或深水区皆有其物种栖息[4]。本科物种有很广阔的分布范围,从热带到极带均有分布,但绝大多数物种都栖息于热带及亚热带的浅水区。

分类

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蝾螺科原为前鳃亚纲原始腹足目蝾螺总科的成员。现时蝾螺总科成为了钟螺总科的异名。然而,这一个颇为古老的腹足纲群组很可能源于2.98亿到2.50亿年前的二叠纪[5]。本科物种的型态仍然保有多种原始英语primitive (phylogenetics)特征,例如:它们的螺壳内的珠母层

2005年分类

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根据布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类 (2005年),蝾螺科是蝾螺总科的成员,由下列八个亚科组成[3]

  • Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941
  • 海豚螺亚科 Angariinae Gray, 1857[6]:又名棘冠螺亚科,Delphinulinae Stoliczka, 1868是本亚科的异名。
  • 缩口螺亚科 Colloniinae Cossmann, 1917[7][6]
    • tribe Colloniini Cossmann, 1917 - synonym: Bothropomatinae Thiele, 1924 (inv.); Homalopomatinae Keen, 1960; Petropomatinae Cox, 1960
    • tribe † Adeorbisinini Monari, Conti & szabo, 1995
    • tribe † Crossostomatini Cox, 1960
    • tribe † Helicocryptini Cox, 1960
  • Moellerinae Hickman & McLean, 1990
  • Moreanellinae J. C. Fischer & Weber, 1997
  • Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990:异名: Prisogastrinae in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005),拼写错误。[8]
  • 篷螺亚科 Skeneinae W. Clark, 1851[6]:Delphinoideinae Thiele, 1924是本亚科的异名。
  • Tegulinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971

2008年分类

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Astraea rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767), a fossil turbinid from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

根据Williams et al. (2008)的研究成果,蝾螺科被重新定义,还被移到钟螺总科[4]。与此同时,原来蝾螺科之下的海豚螺亚科获提至科级,成为了钟螺总科之下的海豚螺科Angariidae);而原来蝾螺科的缩口螺亚科在提升至科级成为缩口螺科Colloniidae)之馀,再与蝾螺总科雉螺科改为合组新的雉螺总科Phasianelloidea Swainson, 1840[4];Margaritinae was moved to Turbinidae from Trochidae[4]。这个时候的蝾螺科包括下列五个亚科[4]

下列在2005年分类提及过的亚科都保留了:

2017年分类

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亚伦氏螺属Yaronia Mienis, 2011)被重新分到缩口螺科[11]

以下为本科现时馀下的属[12]

 
The shell of Guildfordia yoka, a deep water turbinid

现时本科包括以下各属:

不属于任何亚科:
蝾螺亚科Turbininae[12]
 
Lithopoma tectum
Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990
异名:
  • Astrea Link, 1807: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
  • Agathistoma Olsson & Harbison, 1953: synonym of Tegula Lesson, 1832
  • Amyxa Troschel, 1852: synonym of Prisogaster Mörch, 1850
  • Calcar Montfort, 1810: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Canthorbis Swainson, 1840: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
  • Cardinalia Gray, 1842: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
  • Crosseia P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Crossea A. Adams, 1865
  • Cyclocantha Swainson, 1840: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Dinassovica Iredale, 1937: synonym of Turbo (Turbo) Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
  • Distellifer Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Foliastralium Habe & Okutani, 1980: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Galeoastraea Habe, 1958: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Halopsephus Rehder, 1943: synonym of Turbo (Halopsephus) Rehder, 1943 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
  • Harisazaea Habe, 1958: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Imperator Montfort, 1810: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
  • Incilaster Finlay, 1926: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Livona Gray, 1842: synonym of Cittarium Philippi, 1847
  • Lunatica Röding, 1798: synonym of Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
  • Macropelmus Gistel, 1848: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Margarita Leach, 1819: synonym of Margarites Gray, 1847
  • Micrastraea Cotton, 1939: synonym of Bellastraea Iredale, 1924
  • Notosetia Iredale, 1915: synonym of Putilla A. Adams, 1867
  • Okinawastraea Habe & Okutani, 1981: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Oobolma Sacco, 1896 : synonym of Bolma'' Risso, 1826
  • Ormastralium Sacco, 1896: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Pachypoma Gray, 1850: synonym of Lithopoma Gray, 1850
  • Pagocalcar Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Pseudastralium Schepman, 1908: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Pyramidea Swainson, 1840: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
  • Pyramis Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
  • Rugastella Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Senobolma Okutani, 1964: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Stella P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Submargarita Strebel, 1908: synonym of Lissotesta Iredale, 1915
  • Tharsiella Bush, 1897: synonym of Cirsonella Angas, 1877
  • Trochiscus G.B. Sowerby I, 1838: synonym of Norrisia Bayle, 1880
  • Tylastralium Sacco, 1896: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Valvatella Gray, 1857: synonym of Margarites Gray, 1847

参考文献

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  1. ^ Bouchet, P. Turbinidae Rafinesque, 1815. WoRMS. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Williams, Suzanne T.; Karube, S.; Ozawa, T. Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined. Zoologica Scripta. 2008-09, 37 (5): 483–506. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x (英语). 
  5. ^ Alf A., Kreipl K. & Poppe G. T. (2003) The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo. In: Poppe G. T. & Groh K. (eds.): A Conchological Iconography: 68 pp., 95 colour plates, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, ISBN 3-925919-27-9.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 中国科学院中国动物志编辑委员会主编;董正之编著 (编). 中国动物志. 无脊椎动物 第29卷 软体动物门 腹足纲 原始腹足目 马蹄螺总科. 科学出版社. 2002: 210页 [2018-08-21]. ISBN 9787030095091. (原始内容存档于2018-10-03) (中文(简体)). 
  7. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为WoRMS_382202的参考文献提供内容
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Gofas, S. Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. , 编. Prisogasterinae. WoRMS. 2009 [2010-04-19] –通过WoRMS. 
  9. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为Thiele, 1924的参考文献提供内容
  10. ^ Search for Moelleria. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [2010-04-19]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-06). 
  11. ^ Yaronia Mienis, 2011. WoRMS. 2016-06-16 [2018-03-13]. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Gofas, S. Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. , 编. Turbininae. WoRMS. 2009-02-02 [2018-03-13] –通过WoRMS. 
  13. ^ Alf, A.; Kreipl, K. The family Turbinidae. Subfamilies Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 and Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990. G.T. Poppe; K. Groh (编). A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 2011: pp. 1–82, pls 104–245 (英语). 
  • Marshall, B.A. 1988. Skeneidae, Vitrinellidae and Orbitestellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) associated with biogenic substrata from bathyal depths off New Zealand and New South Wales. Journal of Natural History 22(4): 949-1004.
  • Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.
  • Williams, Suzanne T.; Karube, S.; Ozawa, T. Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined. Zoologica Scripta. 2008, 37: 483–506 (英语). 

外部链接

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