排跨基女

排跨基女，也作排跨激女^{[註 1]}，英文稱爲TERF（/ˈtɜːrf/），英文首字母縮略字，全稱trans-exclusionary radical feminist，即「排斥跨性別的激進女性主義者」^[2]。TERF最早出現於2008年，最初是指排斥跨性別者的一類女性主義者。這類人認為跨性別女性並非女性，他們並不能真正地改變生理性別、也無法真正體驗到生理女性的一些生理狀況（諸如月經、妊娠等）^[3]。TERF也強調跨性別者不能、也不應該參與女性權利的運動而將其排斥在婦女之外，並且反對立法保護跨性別者的權利。後來TERF含義擴大到所有反對和排斥跨性別者的人^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]。不過有些被稱為「TERF」的人通常拒絕接受這個稱呼並認為隨意稱呼別人TERF是在侮辱人^[8]。

英國一項民調顯示，雖然排跨基女認為自己代表沉默的多數，但事實上過半數的女性對跨性別女性採取寬容接納的態度，排跨基女僅能代表少數女性的意見。^[9]

註

^ 英文「radical」一詞可譯作激進、基進（基爲「根本」之意），皆指某種基本價值的改變與既有狀態的根本差異。而後者常見於繁體漢字使用區。早期學界常以「激進」形容社會運動採取之手段，但自1990年代後，便逐漸以「基進」代替，強調社會運動所訴求之目標，以及凸顯其對女人與性別體制之主張。^[1]

參考文獻

^ 周碧娥. 性別社會學--性別作為範疇、理論與實作. 三民書局. 2022: 155. ISBN 978-957-14-7446-5.
^ Smythe, Viv. I'm credited with having coined the word 'Terf'. Here's how it happened. 衛報. 2018-11-28 [2022-10-28]. （原始內容存檔於2020-01-25）. Due to a short series of blogposts from 2008, I have retrospectively been credited as the coiner of the acronym "Terf" (Trans Exclusionary Radical Feminists) ... a shorthand to describe one cohort of feminists who self-identify as radical and are unwilling to recognise trans women as sisters, unlike those of us who do.
^ 鏡頭背後／仇恨跨性別的「TERF」？J.K.羅琳為何遭到網路全球圍剿. 轉角國際. 2019-12-20 [2022-10-28]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-09）（中文（臺灣））.
^ Lewis, Sophie. Opinion | How British Feminism Became Anti-Trans. The New York Times. 2019-02-07 [2019-05-05]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始內容存檔於2019-11-15）（美國英語）. If the idea that transphobic harassment could be "feminist" bewilders you, you are not alone. ... With time, the term TERF has become a catchall for all anti-trans feminists, radical or not.
^ Miller, Edie. Why Is British Media So Transphobic?. The Outline. 2018-11-05 [2019-05-03]. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-19）（英語）. The truth is, while the British conservative right would almost certainly be more than happy to whip up a frenzy of transphobia, they simply haven't needed to, because some sections of the left over here are doing their hate-peddling for them. The most vocal source of this hatred has emerged, sadly, from within circles of radical feminists. British feminism has an increasingly notorious TERF problem. ... The application of the term has shifted somewhat over time to encompass most people espousing trans-exclusionary politics that follow a particular "TERF logic," regardless of their involvement with radical feminism.
^ Dastagir, Alia. A feminist glossary because we didn't all major in gender studies. USA Today. 2017-03-16 [2019-04-24]. （原始內容存檔於2019-07-20）. TERF: The acronym for 'trans exclusionary radical feminists,' referring to feminists who are transphobic.
^ Bollinger, Alex. Famous lesbian site taken over by anti-trans 'feminists'. Now lesbian media is standing up.. www.lgbtqnation.com. 2018-12-19 [2019-06-05]. （原始內容存檔於2019-06-05）.
^ Vasquez, Tina. It's Time to End the Long History of Feminism Failing Transgender Women. Bitch (Bitch Media). 2014-02-17 [2019-04-13]. （原始內容存檔於2019-04-13）. [Cathy] Brennan, fellow attorney Elizabeth Hungerford, and other modern-day feminists continue to actively question the inclusion of trans people in women's spaces. These feminists refer to themselves as "radical feminists" or "gender critical feminists." In 2008, trans women and trans advocates started referring to this group as "trans-exclusionary radical feminists" or TERFs, a term Brennan considers a slur.
^ Ell Folan. TERFs Don’t Speak for Women – But Don’t Take It From Me, Look at the Polls. Novara Media. 2021-06-08 [2024-06-27].

[2] 英文「radical」一詞可譯作激進、基進（基爲「根本」之意），皆指某種基本價值的改變與既有狀態的根本差異。而後者常見於繁體漢字使用區。早期學界常以「激進」形容社會運動採取之手段，但自1990年代後，便逐漸以「基進」代替，強調社會運動所訴求之目標，以及凸顯其對女人與性別體制之主張。^[1]

[1] 周碧娥. 性別社會學--性別作為範疇、理論與實作. 三民書局. 2022: 155. ISBN 978-957-14-7446-5.

[Smythe_2018-3] Smythe, Viv. I'm credited with having coined the word 'Terf'. Here's how it happened. 衛報. 2018-11-28 [2022-10-28]. （原始內容存檔於2020-01-25）. Due to a short series of blogposts from 2008, I have retrospectively been credited as the coiner of the acronym "Terf" (Trans Exclusionary Radical Feminists) ... a shorthand to describe one cohort of feminists who self-identify as radical and are unwilling to recognise trans women as sisters, unlike those of us who do.

[4] 鏡頭背後／仇恨跨性別的「TERF」？J.K.羅琳為何遭到網路全球圍剿. 轉角國際. 2019-12-20 [2022-10-28]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-09）（中文（臺灣））.

[Lewis_2019-5] Lewis, Sophie. Opinion | How British Feminism Became Anti-Trans. The New York Times. 2019-02-07 [2019-05-05]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始內容存檔於2019-11-15）（美國英語）. If the idea that transphobic harassment could be "feminist" bewilders you, you are not alone. ... With time, the term TERF has become a catchall for all anti-trans feminists, radical or not.

[Miller_2018-6] Miller, Edie. Why Is British Media So Transphobic?. The Outline. 2018-11-05 [2019-05-03]. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-19）（英語）. The truth is, while the British conservative right would almost certainly be more than happy to whip up a frenzy of transphobia, they simply haven't needed to, because some sections of the left over here are doing their hate-peddling for them. The most vocal source of this hatred has emerged, sadly, from within circles of radical feminists. British feminism has an increasingly notorious TERF problem. ... The application of the term has shifted somewhat over time to encompass most people espousing trans-exclusionary politics that follow a particular "TERF logic," regardless of their involvement with radical feminism.

[Dastagir_2017-7] Dastagir, Alia. A feminist glossary because we didn't all major in gender studies. USA Today. 2017-03-16 [2019-04-24]. （原始內容存檔於2019-07-20）. TERF: The acronym for 'trans exclusionary radical feminists,' referring to feminists who are transphobic.

[8] Bollinger, Alex. Famous lesbian site taken over by anti-trans 'feminists'. Now lesbian media is standing up.. www.lgbtqnation.com. 2018-12-19 [2019-06-05]. （原始內容存檔於2019-06-05）.

[Vasquez_2014-9] Vasquez, Tina. It's Time to End the Long History of Feminism Failing Transgender Women. Bitch (Bitch Media). 2014-02-17 [2019-04-13]. （原始內容存檔於2019-04-13）. [Cathy] Brennan, fellow attorney Elizabeth Hungerford, and other modern-day feminists continue to actively question the inclusion of trans people in women's spaces. These feminists refer to themselves as "radical feminists" or "gender critical feminists." In 2008, trans women and trans advocates started referring to this group as "trans-exclusionary radical feminists" or TERFs, a term Brennan considers a slur.

[10] Ell Folan. TERFs Don’t Speak for Women – But Don’t Take It From Me, Look at the Polls. Novara Media. 2021-06-08 [2024-06-27].

[註 1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[1]