單倍群NO(NO-M214)是一個Y染色體DNA單倍群,是單倍群K2a1(K-M2313)唯一的子單倍群,約4-5萬年前起源於東亞東南亞,有兩個分支:單倍群N單倍群O[6]

單倍群NO
起源時間約4.5萬年前
(NO/NO1, 基於YFull 2017,[1] 以及以前的估計:41,500 [95% CI 37,400 <-> 45,600] 年前,[2] 48,871 [95% CI 37,095 <-> 58,831] 年前,[3] 和50,800 或 43,500 年前[4])
共祖年代Circa 41,500 – 40,067 years BP (NO/NO1, based on YFull 2017,[1] and previous estimates of: 36,800 [95% CI 34,300 <-> 39,300] years BP,[2] 41,900 [31,294 <-> 51,202] years BP,[3] and 44,700 or 38,300 years BP depending on mutation rate[4])
起源地東亞東南亞[5][6][7]
上游單倍群單倍群K2a1 (M2313/Z4858)
下游單倍群單倍群N (M231)和單倍群O (M175)[8]
對應突變M214/Page39; F176/M2314; CTS5858/M2325/F346; CTS11572[1][6]

單倍群NO現今極少發現,兩個子單倍群:單倍群N主要分佈於北歐東歐西伯利亞東亞等,單倍群O主要分佈於東亞東南亞太平洋島嶼馬達加斯加島等。[6]

其他

編輯

人類Y染色體DNA單倍型類群進化樹

Y染色體最近共同祖先
A
A1b A1a-T
A1a A2-T
A2 A3 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
G H IJK
IJ K
I J LT K(xLT)
L T M NO P S
O N Q R

各族群Y染色體單倍型類群 · 著名的Y染色體單倍型類群人

參考文獻

編輯
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335"頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) (9 December 2017); PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree"頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) (9 December 2017); GeneticHomeland.com, 2016, DNA Marker Index Chromosome Y V4208頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) (9 December 2017).
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 YFull頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) Haplogroup YTree v5.06 at 25 September 2017
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Karmin, Monika; Saag, Lauri; Vicente, Mário; et al. ", "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture. Genome Research. 2015, 25 (4): 459–466. PMC 4381518 . PMID 25770088. doi:10.1101/gr.186684.114. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 G. David Poznik, Yali Xue, Fernando L. Mendez, et al., 2016, "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences." Nature Genetics vol. 48, no. 6 (June): pp. 593–599. doi:10.1038/ng.3559.
  5. ^ Rootsi, Siiri; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; Baldovič, Marian; Kayser, Manfred; Kutuev, Ildus A; Khusainova, Rita; Bermisheva, Marina A; Gubina, Marina; Fedorova, Sardana A; Ilumäe, Anne-Mai; Khusnutdinova, Elza K; Voevoda, Mikhail I; Osipova, Ludmila P; Stoneking, Mark; Lin, Alice A; Ferak, Vladimir; Parik, Jüri; Kivisild, Toomas; Underhill, Peter A; Villems, Richard; et al. A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe. European Journal of Human Genetics. 2007, 15 (2): 204–211. PMID 17149388. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201748. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 G. David Poznik et al., 2016, "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences" Nature Genetics頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), no. 48, pp. 593–599.
  7. ^ 『DNA・考古・言語の學際研究が示す新・日本列島史 日本人集団・日本語の成立史』
  8. ^ ISOGG, Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2018頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) (17 January 2018).