维基百科

布丽安娜·柴之死

英国一名跨性别少女被人刺死的事件

2023年2月11日，英国沃灵顿镇伯奇伍德（英语：Birchwood）一名16岁跨性别少女布丽安娜·柴（英语：Brianna Ghey，/dʒaɪ/ JY[2][3]，2006年 - 2023年2月11日）于库尔切斯（英语：Culcheth）的库尔切斯线性公园（Culcheth Linear Park）遭到杀害[4][5][6][7]。柴郡警方已拘留一男一女两名15岁的嫌疑人[1]。目前，嫌疑人的作案动机还不明确；警方称他们正在探索各种可能性，包括将这起事件作为一宗仇恨犯罪调查[8]。

布丽安娜·柴之死
柴郡警方发布的柴的照片
位置 英国英格兰柴郡沃灵顿库尔切斯线性公园
日期2023年2月11日 (2023-02-11)
类型刺伤、谋杀
死亡1人
受害者布丽安娜·柴（Brianna Ghey）
动机正在调查
被告2
指控谋杀[1]

事件背景

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外部视频链接
  柴最后一条TikTok

布丽安娜·柴是伯奇伍德社区高中（英语：Birchwood Community High School）的一名11年级的跨性别女生[9][10]。她的父母形容她为“一个会给每个遇到她的人留下持久印象的，有些传奇色彩的人物”[11][12]。据柴的朋友说，柴常帮助更年幼的跨性别女孩安全合法地接受激素替代疗法[13]。柴的朋友还对记者说，柴在遭到杀害前经受了多年恐跨骚扰，包括被多人围殴[13][14][15][16]。学习之余，她还是一名TikTok用户，在她名为@gingerpuppyx的TikTok账户上发表其身着校服模仿流行歌曲的短视频[11][17]，并积攒了超过63,000名粉丝[11]。她最后的几条TikTok之一说她“被学校排斥了”[14]。她在该平台上发布的最后一条短视频中，可以看见她在她后来遇害的公园散步；该视频目前已有超过8,000条评论[18]。目前，她的TikTok账户已被注销[15]。

事件经过

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2023年2月11日下午，柴在库尔切斯线性公园的一条小路上被人发现，当时身上有多处刀伤[19]。紧急服务于下午3点13分获悉这一情况，而她被当场宣布死亡[19]。英国内政部尸检将会确定死因[19]。2023年2月15日，检察官莉安·加拉格尔（Leanne Gallagher）表示，嫌犯对柴的袭击是“极其残忍且极具惩罚性质的”[1][20][21]。

2023年3月8日，沃灵顿验尸官法庭开始对柴的死因展开调查。不过，该调查随后被延期至审判结束。调查前的听证会将于2023年8月17日举行[22][23]。

柴的葬礼于3月15日在沃灵顿圣埃尔芬教堂（英语：St Elphin's Church, Warrington）举办[24]。

事件后续

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在萨里郡沃金为纪念柴而举办的烛光守夜活动。
 
苏格兰格拉斯高为纪念柴而举办的烛光守夜集会。
 
2月16日晚，苏格兰格拉斯高乔治广场上为纪念柴而举办的烛光守夜集会参与者在现场留下的鲜花、蜡烛、卡片与标语。图中是现场三个摆满了纪念物品的长椅之一。

由柴好友在众筹网站GoFundMe上设立的众筹于三天内募集了70,000英镑的善款；这些钱将用于帮助柴的家人[25][26]。在柴去世后的一周内，英国各地和爱尔兰都柏林都举行了烛光守夜活动[27][28]；不少守夜活动的参与者高达几百乃至上千[29][30][31]。一名柴郡警方调查官员表示，柴的家人们为“来自全国乃至世界各地的支持、正面的态度和同情的消息”所震撼[32]。

2月13日，案发现场设立了禁飞区，以阻止无人机飞到现场上空[33][34]。尽管如此，仍有人继续操纵无人机飞过现场。此举引来警方谴责[35]。

LGBTQ主题广播电台Gaydio（英语：Gaydio）宣布，它已与英国的其他LGBTQ电台合作，将一同在2月17日上午11点进行一分钟默哀。在默哀前，自己亦为跨性别的主持人斯蒂芬妮·赫斯特（英语：Stephanie Hirst）会先主持一个特别专题，在专题中回顾跨性别者常常经受的歧视与暴力，并且向柴致敬[36][37]。

由于英国法律禁止未成年人获取性别承认证书（英语：Gender Recognition Act 2004），柴的死亡证明将很可能对她性别错称[38]。美国民权律师亚历杭德拉·卡拉巴洛（英语：Alejandra Caraballo）写道：“性别批评者不断为之斗争的性别承认法案（英语：Gender Recognition Act 2004），以及他们恐怖化、妖魔化的语言，意味着布丽安娜·柴的死亡证明无法将她的性别列为女性。作为最后的侮辱，英国政府官方在她死后也要对她性别错称。”[39] 性别批评者（英语：gender criticals）指那些认为生物性别是真实的、最重要且不可改变的，且不应该和性别认同混淆的女性主义者。他们认为女性主义应当基于生物性别，而非社会性别[40][41][42][43]。推特上有用户发起运动，呼吁英国政府向柴颁发性别承认证书，“这样她才能在死后维持自己的尊严——对这世上其他人来说理所当然的尊严。”[44]

一份呼吁在柴的死亡证明上追认她性别为女性的请愿书收集到了13,000多个连署，但这份请愿书遭到英国政府回绝。英国政府回应称，目前其政策“平衡得刚刚好”，因此没有改变政策的计划[45]。

嫌疑人

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两名15岁的嫌疑人(Scarlett Jenkinson, Eddie Ratcliffe)于2023年2月12日晚被柴郡警方逮捕并拘留[46][47]；这其中一名男孩来自利，而另一名女孩来自沃灵顿[48]。警方称该事件为“有针对性的袭击”[11] 并在先前表示没有证据显示该案件为仇恨犯罪之后[8]，自2月14日起将该事件作为潜在的仇恨犯罪调查[8]。

2月15日，两名嫌疑人都被法官拒绝保释，被关押于未成年犯管教所，并于次日上午在利物浦皇家法院出庭[48][49]。此次出庭，大卫·奥布里（David Aubrey）法官将其还押于未成年犯管教所，直到预定5月2日举行的预审听证会为止[50]。两名嫌疑人可以但并非必须在这场听证会上选择无罪抗辩或是认罪。他们被还押直至5月11日的另一场听证会[51]。2023年6月的报道称，两名嫌疑人的审判预定于2023年11月27日开始[52]。2023年7月20日的一场预审听证会中，其中一名嫌疑人提出无罪抗辩[53][54]。另一名嫌疑人在同年10月4日的预审听证会上也提出无罪抗辩[55]。审判预计将持续大约三周时间[56]。

各方反应

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柴之死引来她的家人、当地社区、政治家、慈善机构、社会活动家和音乐家的回应。柴的家人称她的死“给我们的家庭留下了一个巨大的空洞”[57]。伯奇伍德社区高中（英语：Birchwood Community High School）的校长艾玛·米尔斯（Emma Mills）说：“听到布丽安娜的死讯后，我们感到无比震惊和悲痛。”[57] 据英国《独立报》报道，柴学校一位朋友的家长批评警方最初的声明，说：“说实在的，她已经因为她的性取向而被霸凌了。这当然是一起仇恨犯罪。”[14]

英国工党议员道恩·巴特勒（英语：Dawn Butler）发推文说“媒体中任何对她弃名错称，企图抹去布丽安娜的身份的人，都应该为自己感到羞耻。”[58] 另一位工党议员纳蒂亚·惠托姆（英语：Nadia Whittome）说“布丽安娜本应有机会长大成年，成为一位漂亮的女性，活着看到一个跨性别者可以安全生活并受到尊重的世界。”[12] 工党前领袖杰里米·科尔宾回应：“她因想做自己而被杀，”“我的心与布丽安娜的家人，以及为安全、尊严和自由而战的跨性别社区同在。”[59]

据《迈阿密先锋报》报道，LGBTQ社群中成千上万的人及社交媒体用户都为柴哀悼[44]。LGBT权益慈善机构石墙组织和跨性别青少年慈善机构美人鱼组织（英语：Mermaids (charity)）都对柴的家人表示同情[60][61]。

英国音乐人Yungblud说这场谋杀使他“心碎”。他呼吁“每时每刻都要保护跨性别儿童，并和我们邪恶的政府所推动的反跨情绪和法案进行斗争。”[58][62] 朋克乐队Big Joanie（英语：Big Joanie）对这起谋杀表达厌恶，并声援“所有仅仅因为其存在而不得不每天为自己的安全和生命感到担忧和恐惧的人们”[58][63]。摇滚乐队Reverend and the Makers（英语：Reverend and the Makers）说：“布丽安娜·柴的死使我感到非常难过”；他们还发问“为什么就不能对他人友好、尊重一点了呢？”[58][64]

对于英国媒体的批评

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英国部分媒体对柴之死的报道受到了谴责[12][16][65]。跨性别权益组织Trans Safety Network（英语：Trans Safety Network）表示，英国一些媒体在报道柴死讯时对她“公开侮辱”[66][67]。BBC新闻和天空新闻台最初的报道中都没有提到柴的跨性别身份[66]。而《泰晤士报》由于从其原先报道中删除了“女孩”（girl）一词并加上了柴的弃名而受到猛烈批评[16][66]。《泰晤士报》后来又对其文章修改，去除了柴的弃名并加回了“女孩”一词[68]。

《玛丽苏（英语：Dan_Abrams#The_Mary_Sue）》网站谴责英国媒体中的恐跨氛围以及对柴之死的恐跨式报道[16]。人权法教授森托伦·拉杰（Senthorun Raj）说：“我们都有责任挑战媒体和政客将跨性别者非人化的阴险行为。”[39] Novara Media（英语：Novara Media）记者阿什·萨卡（英语：Ash Sarkar）称她“无法想象一个人该是有多么冷酷，才能选择做出这样的编辑，以在柴死后还要践踏她的尊严。”[66] 工党议员夏洛特·尼科尔斯（英语：Charlotte Nichols）表示，她将向《泰晤士报》和独立新闻标准组织（英语：Independent Press Standards Organisation）提交投诉；她说：“无论是谁都完全没有必要在她已经在媒体报道中被标识为跨性别者的情况下对她弃名错称。”[66]

NBC新闻在对这起谋杀事件的报道中总结道：“过去几年中，英国的政治氛围对于跨性别者越来越敌视”，并举出英国作家J.K.罗琳公开批评跨性别权益，以及BBC于2021年报导的《我们正被跨性别女人逼着做爱》（英语："We're being pressured into sex by some trans women"）等例子[69]。美国杂志《Vogue》将这起谋杀和网上的跨性别恐惧相联络，并写道：“对跨性别权益的质疑几乎毫不间断，不停强化着跨性别男女试图愚弄我们、欺骗我们的想法，使我们觉得他们个人深刻的性别认同是对现状和我们的生活方式的一种侮辱。”[70]

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Brianna Ghey: Two teenagers charged with murder. Sky News. [2023-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-15） （英语）. Prosecutor Leanne Gallagher told the court Brianna's death was 'extremely brutal and punishing'. 
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  3. ^ Family pay tribute after death of Brianna Ghey. Channel 4. 2023-02-14 [2023-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-15） （英国英语）. 
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  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 McMenamin, Lexi. Brianna Ghey: 16-Year-Old Trans Girl Killed in UK. Teen Vogue. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-13）. Brianna deserved a chance to become a beautiful adult woman, and to live to see a world where trans people are safe and respected. 
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  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Ali, Joe. Brianna Ghey: Trans girl said she’d been excluded from school days before death. PinkNews. 2023-02-14 [2023-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-14）. 
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  40. ^ Woman accused of transphobia wins landmark employment case. HeraldScotland. [2021-06-10]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-10） （英语）. 
  41. ^ Maya Forstater: Woman wins tribunal appeal over transgender tweets. BBC News. 2021-06-10 [2021-06-10]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-15） （英国英语）. 
  42. ^ Smith, Helen-Ann. Maya Forstater: Woman who lost job over transgender views warns of 'scary' precedent if her tribunal appeal fails. Sky News. 2021-04-24 [2021-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-30）. Ms Forstater is a tax expert and a feminist and is the protagonist in a bitter legal battle about sex, gender and free speech. 
  43. ^ Observer editorial. The Observer view on the right to free expression. Observer. 2021-06-27 [2021-06-27]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-07）. 'Gender-critical' beliefs refer to the view that someone's sex – whether they are male or female – is biological and immutable and cannot be conflated with someone's gender identity, whether they identify as a man or a woman. The belief that the patriarchal oppression of women is grounded partly in their biological sex, not just the social expression of gender, and that women therefore have the right to certain single-sex spaces and to organise on the basis of biological sex if they so wish, represents a long-standing strand of feminist thinking. Other feminists disagree, believing that gender identity supersedes biological sex altogether. 
  44. ^ 44.0 44.1 Baitinger, Brook. Trans teen's killing sparks outrage in the UK. Why many demand 'Dignity for Brianna'. McClatchchy News Network. Miami Herald. 2023-02-15 [2023-02-15]. 
  45. ^ Tory government rejects calls for ‘dignity in death’ for trans people after Brianna Ghey killing. PinkNews. March 16, 2023 [2023-04-08]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-02）. As announced in 2020, we believe the Gender Recognition Act 2004 is effective, strikes the right balance and allows for those who wish to legally change their sex. 
  46. ^ Brianna Ghey: Two teenagers arrested after 16-year-old stabbed to death in Warrington. Sky News. 2023-02-12 [2023-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-13）. 
  47. ^ Brianna Ghey: Boy and girl arrested over Warrington park stabbing. BBC News. 2023-02-12 [2023-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-12）. 
  48. ^ 48.0 48.1 Holpuch, Amanda. Two Teenagers Charged in Murder of Girl in Britain. The New York Times. 2023-02-15 [2023-02-15]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容存档于2023-02-15） （美国英语）. 
  49. ^ Halliday, Josh; corespondent, Josh Halliday North of England. Brianna Ghey: two teenagers appear in court charged with murder. The Guardian. 2023-02-15 [2023-02-15]. ISSN 0261-3077. （原始内容存档于2023-02-15） （英国英语）. 
  50. ^ Barlow, Eleanor. Trial date fixed for teenagers charged with murder of Brianna Ghey. The Independent. 16 February 2023 [20 February 2023]. （原始内容存档于20 February 2023） （英语）. 
  51. ^ Graham, Charles. Wigan borough teen charged with Brianna Ghey murder makes further court appearance. Wigan Today. 2023-05-04 [2023-05-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-11） （英语）. 
  52. ^ Pidd, Helen. 9 June 2023 It just filled me with love': Brianna Ghey's mother on reaction to the killing and her cold water 'therapy'. The Guardian (Guardian). 9 June 2023 [12 June 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-21）. 
  53. ^ Brianna Ghey: Teenager denies murdering 16-year-old. BBC News. 20 July 2023 [20 July 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-20）. 
  54. ^ Brianna Ghey: Teenager denies murdering 16-year-old. Sky News. 20 July 2023 [20 July 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-20）. 
  55. ^ Brianna Ghey: Second teenager denies murdering 16-year-old. BBC. 2023-10-04 [2023-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-27） （英语）. 
  56. ^ Trial date fixed for teenagers charged with murder of Brianna Ghey in Warrington. ITV News. 16 February 2023 [16 February 2023]. （原始内容存档于16 February 2023）. 
  57. ^ 57.0 57.1 Vinter, Robyn. Brianna Ghey’s family say her death has left a 'massive hole'. The Guardian. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-13）. The loss of her young life has left a massive hole in our family, and we know that the teachers and her friends who were involved in her life will feel the same." "We are shocked and truly devastated to hear of the death of Brianna. 
  58. ^ 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 Jones, Damian. Yungblud, entertainment world and more pay tribute to murdered trans girl Brianna Ghey, aged 16. NME. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-13）. Anyone in the media who is using her deadname trying to erase Brianna's identity should be ashamed of themselves. 
  59. ^ Factora, James. 16-Year-Old Brianna Ghey, a Trans Teen, Killed in England. Them. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-14）. Former Labour party leader Jeremy Corbyn tweeted that “she was killed because she wanted to be herself,” and added, “My thoughts are with Brianna's family and the trans community fighting for safety, dignity and liberation.” 
  60. ^ Brianna Ghey: Family pays tribute to 'much-loved daughter and sister' who was stabbed to death in a park. Sky News. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-13）. 
  61. ^ Brianna Ghey's death has left massive hole, says family. BBC News. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-13）. 
  62. ^ @yungblud. utterly heartbroken about the death of 16 year old brianna ghey. protect trans kids every day and fight relentlessly against anti-trans sentiment & legislations being pushed by our heinous government . rest in peace brianna ghey (推文). 2023-02-13 –通过Twitter. 
  63. ^ @Big_Joanie. Disgusted doesn't cover it. Solidarity to all the communities having to live in fear for their own safety and lives for simply existing right now. (推文). 2023-02-13 –通过Twitter. 
  64. ^ @Reverend_Makers. The death of Brianna Ghey has really saddened me Lot of people on this website think their nasty mean spirited shit has no consequences but in the real world people get killed for it What happened to being decent towards other humans ? (推文). 2023-02-13 –通过Twitter. 
  65. ^ Smith, Serena. Brianna Ghey: a 16-year-old trans girl has been killed in Cheshire. Dazed Digital. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-13）. 
  66. ^ 66.0 66.1 66.2 66.3 66.4 Kelleher, Patrick. Brianna Ghey: The Times condemned for using teen’s deadname in 'appalling' coverage. PinkNews. 2023-02-13 [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-13）. A 16-year-old girl has been taken from her friends and family when her life was only just beginning. I cannot fathom the callousness involved in making the editorial decision to violate her dignity in death. 
  67. ^ @trans_safety. TSN Statement on the killing of Brianna Ghey (推文). 2023-02-13 –通过Twitter. 
  68. ^ Brianna Ghey's Murder Is Bringing Up A Much Needed, Painful Conversation About Trans Safety. HuffPost UK. 14 February 2023 [2023-02-17]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-15）. 
  69. ^ Lavietes, Matt. Transgender community mourns death of British teen found stabbed to death. NBC News. 2023-02-15 [2023-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-15） （英语）. The climate in the U.K. has grown increasingly hostile for trans people over the last few years. 
  70. ^ Smith, Raven. What We Know About the Murder of Brianna Ghey. Vogue. 2023-02-14 [2023-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-15）. But there's a near-constant questioning of trans rights that reinforces the idea that trans men and women are trying to fool us, to trick us, that their deeply personal gender identity is an affront to the status quo and how we live. 

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检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=布丽安娜·柴之死&oldid=80772009”