维基百科

裸蕨属

三列蕨科的一属植物

裸蕨（学名：Psilophyton）是一属已灭绝的陆生维管植物，是泥盆纪时期被发现的第一批化石植物之一，它们的构造比其他一些与其生存于相同年代的植物（如莱尼蕨）复杂得多，并被认为是蕨类植物演化成种子植物过程中的一个环节。

裸蕨
化石时期：泥盆纪早期–石炭纪晚期[1]
裸蕨的化石
科学分类 编辑
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 维管植物 Tracheophyta
科： 三列蕨科 Trimerophytaceae
属： †裸蕨属 Psilophyton
Dawson, (1859)[2]emend. Hueber & H.P.Banks（英语：Harlan Parker Banks） (1967)[3]
种

见内文

特征 编辑

裸蕨的型态目前尚未被完全了解。其直立的地上茎有着二歧分叉的结构，没有根与叶，或仅具有刺状附属物，故名裸蕨。茎内具有简单的维管束构造和典型的原生中柱，表皮具有角质层和气孔。孢子囊为卵圆形，成对着生于叉枝顶端。

物种 编辑

  • Psilophyton burnotense (Gilkinet) Kräusel & Weyland[4]
  • Psilophyton charientos Gensel, (1979)[5]
  • Psilophyton coniculum Trant & Gensel, (1985)[6]
  • Psilophyton crenulatum Doran, (1980)[7]
  • Psilophyton dapsile Kasper & al., (1974)[8]
  • Psilophyton dawsonii H.P.Banks & al., (1975)[9]
  • Psilophyton forbesii Andrews & al., (1968)[10]
  • Psilophyton genseliae Gerienne, (1997)[11]
  • Psilophyton krauselii Obrhel, (1959)[12]
  • Psilophyton microspinosum Kasper & al., (1974)[8]
  • Psilophyton parvulum Gerienne, (1995)[13]
  • Psilophyton princeps Dawson, (1859)[2]
  • Psilophyton primitivum Hao & Gensel, (1998)[14]
  • Psilophyton szaferi Zdebska, (1986)[15]

参考文献 编辑

  1. ^ Fossilworks: Psilophyton. [2018-06-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-29） （英语）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Dawson, J.W., On fossil plants from the Devonian rocks of Canada, Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 1859, 15: 477–488, doi:10.1144/gsl.jgs.1859.015.01-02.57 , cited in Gerrienne 1995
  3. ^ Hueber, F.M. & Banks, H.P., Psilophyton princeps: the search for organic connection, Taxon, 1967, 16 (81–85), JSTOR 1216887 , cited in Banks 1975
  4. ^ Schweitzer, Hans-Joachim & Rebske, Christine, Die basalen Organe von Psilophyton burnotense (Gilkinet) Kräusel & Weyland, Bonn: Paläobotanische Abteilung des Institutes für Paläontologie der Universität Bonn, 1988, OCLC 258188031 
  5. ^ Gensel, Patricia G., Two Psilophyton species from the Lower Devonian of Eastern Canada with a discussion of morphological variation within the genus, Palaeontographica Abteilung B, 1979, 168 (4–6): 81–99 , cited in Edwards, D., Xylem in early tracheophytes, Plant, Cell and Environment, 2003, 26 (1): 57–72, doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.00878.x 
  6. ^ Trant, C.A. & Gensel, P.G., Branching in Psilophyton : a new species from the Lower Devonian of New Brunswick, Canada, American Journal of Botany, 1985, 72 (8): 1256–1273, doi:10.2307/2443406 , cited in Gerrienne 1995
  7. ^ Doran, J.B., A new species of Psilophyton from the Lower Devonian of Northern New Brunswick, Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany, 1980, 58: 2241–2262, doi:10.1139/b80-259 , cited in Gerrienne 1995
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Kasper, A.E.; Andrews, H.N. & Forbes, W.H., New fertile species of Psilophyton from the Devonian of Maine, Am. J. Bot., 1974, 61: 339–359, doi:10.2307/2441802 , cited in Banks 1980
  9. ^ Banks, H.P.; Leclercq, S. & Hueber, F.M., Anatomy and morphology of Psilophyton dawsonii, sp. n. from the Late Lower Devonian of Quebec (Gaspé) and Ontario, Canada, Palaeontogr. Am., 1975, 8: 75–127 , cited in Banks 1980
  10. ^ Andrews, H.N.; Kasper, A.E. & Mencher, E., Psilophyton forbesii, a new Devonian plant from northern Maine, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 1968, 95: 1–11 , cited in Gerrienne 1995
  11. ^ Gerrienne, P., The fossil plants from the Lower Devonian of Marchin (northern margin of Dinant Synclinorium, Belgium). V. Psilophyton genseliae sp. nov., with hypotheses on the origin of Trimerophytina, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1997, 98 (3–4): 303–324, doi:10.1016/S0034-6667(97)00010-9 
  12. ^ Obrhel, J., Neue Pflanzenfunde in den Srbsko-Schichten (Mitteldevon), Vestn. Ustred. Ustavu Geol., 1959, 34: 384–388 （德语） , cited in Gerrienne 1995
  13. ^ Gerrienne, P., Les fossiles végétaux du Dévonien inférieur de Marchin (bord nord du Synclinorium de Dinant, Belgique). III. Psilophyton parvulum nov. sp., Geobios, 1995, 28 (2): 131–144, doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80220-7 （法语） 
  14. ^ Hao, S.-G. & Gensel, P.G., Some new plant finds from the Posongchong Formation of Yunnan, and consideration of a phytogeographic similarity between South China and Australia during the Early Devonian, Science China Earth Sciences, 1998, 41 (1): 1–13, doi:10.1007/bf02932414 
  15. ^ Zdebska, D., Psilophyton szaferi sp. nov. from the Lower Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, Acta Soc. Bot. Pol., 1986, 55: 315–324, doi:10.5586/asbp.1986.030 , cited in Gerrienne 1995
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