User:日期20220626/超額死亡
超額死亡是一种现象，是指一段時間內死亡人數與預期死亡人數的差額。有時某個時間段死亡人数过多（即死亡人数多于预期），而之後一段時間內死亡人數又少於預期。 [1][2]它通常由於热浪、寒潮、流行病和瘟疫、流感大流行、饑荒或战争等因素造成。
例如在热浪期间，人口中经常会出现额外的死亡，尤其是老年人和有嚴重基礎性疾病的人更容易去世。然而在超額死亡之后，人們也观察到在随后的几周内总体死亡率有所下降。 [3]
参考文献 编辑
- ^ Islam, Nazrul; Shkolnikov, Vladimir M; Acosta, Rolando J; Klimkin, Ilya; Kawachi, Ichiro; Irizarry, Rafael A; Alicandro, Gianfranco; Khunti, Kamlesh; Yates, Tom. Excess deaths associated with covid-19 pandemic in 2020: age and sex disaggregated time series analysis in 29 high income countries. BMJ. 2021, 373: n1137. ISSN 1756-1833. PMC 8132017
. PMID 34011491. doi:10.1136/bmj.n1137 （英语）.
- ^ Beaney, Thomas; Clarke, Jonathan M; Jain, Vageesh; Golestaneh, Amelia Kataria; Lyons, Gemma; Salman, David; Majeed, Azeem. Excess mortality: the gold standard in measuring the impact of COVID-19 worldwide?. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2020, 113 (9): 329–334. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 7488823 . PMID 32910871. doi:10.1177/0141076820956802 （英语）.
- ^ Huynen, M.M.; Martens, P.; Schram, D.; Weijenberg, M.P.; Kunst, A.E. The Impact of Heat Waves and Cold Spells on Mortality Rates in the Dutch Population. Environmental Health Perspectives 109 (5). May 2001: 463–470. PMC 1240305 . PMID 11401757. doi:10.1289/ehp.01109463.
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