鳐科
鳐科（学名：Rajidae、英语：Skates）是鳐形目的典型科，本科鱼身体扁平，胸鳍宽大，腹鳍有一个明显的缺刻，几乎将腹鳍分为两叶，两个背鳍非常小，紧靠尾部，尾细小，通常无尾鳍，如有也没有鳍条支持。
鳐科 化石时期：
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| 北极钝头鳐 Amblyraja hyperborea | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes |
| 目： | 鳐目 Rajiformes |
| 科： | 鳐科 Rajidae Bonaparte, 1831 |
| 属 | |
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见内文。 | |
鳐科鱼生活在海底，以甲壳类动物和小鱼为食，是一种经济鱼类，但根据绿色和平，本科有数种鱼类遭受过度捕捞的危险。
鳐通常长有扁平的身体，眼睛长在头部上方，便于观测水面上的变化；嘴和鳃裂长在身体正方，便于取食海底的带壳动物。有些鳐鱼长有特别宽大的胸鳍，能像飞机一样在水面上滑行。鳐鱼的鼻子下侧长有电子感应系统。这种系统连接着鳐鱼的感觉神经细胞。多数水生动物在游动时都会产生电子信号，鳐鱼就用自身的电子感应系统搜索食物的信号，并进行捕猎。 鳐为卵生软骨鱼类。
分类 编辑
鳐科下分17个属，如下[2]：
钝头鳐属 Amblyraja 编辑
- Amblyraja badia (Garman, 1899)
- Amblyraja doellojuradoi (Pozzi, 1935)
- Amblyraja frerichsi (G. Krefft, 1968)
- Amblyraja georgiana (Norman, 1938)
- 北极钝头鳐 Amblyraja hyperborea (Collett, 1879)：又称北极钝头𫚉
- Amblyraja jenseni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950)
- 钝头鳐 Amblyraja radiata (Donovan, 1808)：又称钝头𫚉
- Amblyraja reversa (Lloyd, 1906)
- Amblyraja robertsi (Hulley, 1970)
- Amblyraja taaf (E. E. Meisner, 1987)
白令鳐属 Beringraja 编辑
- 双斑鳐 Beringraja binoculata (Girard, 1855)
- 科特鳐 Beringraja cortezensis (McEachran & Miyake, 1988)
- 北美鳐 Beringraja inornata (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1881)
- 长吻鳐 Beringraja rhina (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
- 美鳐 Beringraja pulchra (Liu, 1932)
- 小星鳐 Beringraja stellulata Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
短鳐属 Breviraja 编辑
- 耀斑短鳐 Breviraja claramaculata McEachran & Matheson, 1985
- 科氏短鳐 Breviraja colesi Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948
- Breviraja marklei McEachran & Miyake, 1987
- 莫氏短鳐 Breviraja mouldi McEachran & Matheson, 1995
- Breviraja nigriventralis McEachran & Matheson, 1985
- 小棘短鳐 Breviraja spinosa Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950
指鳐属 Dactylobatus 编辑
- 指鳐 Dactylobatus armatus B. A. Bean & A. C. Weed, 1909
- 克氏指鳐 Dactylobatus clarkii (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958)
齿鳐属 Dentiraja 编辑
- Dentiraja australis (Macleay, 1884)
- Dentiraja cerva (Whitley, 1939)
- Dentiraja confusa (Last, 2008)
- Dentiraja endeavouri (Last, 2008)
- Dentiraja falloarga (Last, 2008)
- Dentiraja flindersi Last & Gledhill, 2008
- Dentiraja healdi (Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008)
- Dentiraja lemprieri (Richardson, 1845)
- Dentiraja oculus (Last, 2008)
- Dentiraja polyommata (Ogilby, 1910)
长吻鳐属（Dipturus） 编辑
- Dipturus acrobelus Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008
- Dipturus amphispinus Last & Alava, 2013[3]
- Dipturus apricus Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008
- Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Dipturus bullisi (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962)
- Dipturus campbelli (J. H. Wallace, 1967)
- Dipturus canutus Last, 2008
- Dipturus chinensis (Basilewsky, 1855)
- Dipturus crosnieri (Séret, 1989)
- Dipturus doutrei (Cadenat, 1960)
- Dipturus ecuadoriensis (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941)
- Dipturus flavirostris (Philippi {Krumweide}, 1892)
- Dipturus garricki (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958)
- 巨鳐 Dipturus gigas (Ishiyama, 1958)
- Dipturus grahami Last, 2008
- Dipturus gudgeri (Whitley, 1940)
- Dipturus innominatus (Garrick & Paul, 1974)
- Dipturus intermedius (Parnell, 1837)
- Dipturus johannisdavisi (Alcock, 1899)
- 广东鳐 Dipturus kwangtungensis (Y. T. Chu, 1960)：又称广东老板𫚙。
- Dipturus laevis (Mitchill, 1818)
- Dipturus lamillai (Concha, Caira, Ebert & Pompert, 2019)[4]
- 尖嘴鳐 Dipturus lanceorostratus (J. H. Wallace, 1967)
- Dipturus leptocauda (G. Krefft & Stehmann, 1975)
- 大尾鳐 Dipturus macrocauda (Ishiyama, 1955)：又称大尾老板𫚙。
- Dipturus melanospilus Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008
- Dipturus mennii U. L. Gomes & Paragó, 2001
- Dipturus nidarosiensis (Storm, 1881)
- Dipturus olseni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951)
- Dipturus oregoni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958)
- Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Dipturus pullopunctatus (J. L. B. Smith, 1964)
- Dipturus queenslandicus Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008
- Dipturus springeri (J. H. Wallace, 1967)
- Dipturus stenorhynchus (J. H. Wallace, 1967)
- Dipturus teevani (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951)
- 长鼻鳐 Dipturus tengu (D. S. Jordan & Fowler, 1903)：又称天狗老板𫚙。
- Dipturus trachyderma (G. Krefft & Stehmann, 1975)
- Dipturus wengi Séret & Last, 2008
- Dipturus wuhanlingi Jeong & Nakabo, 2008
朝鲜鳐属 Hongeo 编辑
白𫚉属 Leucoraja 编辑
- Leucoraja caribbaea (McEachran, 1977)
- Leucoraja circularis (Couch, 1838)
- Leucoraja compagnoi (Stehmann, 1995)
- 猬鳐 Leucoraja erinacea (Mitchill, 1825)
- 白𫚉 Leucoraja fullonica (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 加氏鳐 Leucoraja garmani (Whitley, 1939)
- Leucoraja lentiginosa (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951)
- Leucoraja leucosticta (Stehmann, 1971)
- 马耳他鳐 Leucoraja melitensis (R. S. Clark, 1926)
- Leucoraja naevus (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841)
- Leucoraja ocellata (Mitchill, 1815)
- Leucoraja pristispina Last, Stehmann & Séret, 2008
- Leucoraja virginica (McEachran, 1977)
- Leucoraja wallacei (Hulley, 1970)
- Leucoraja yucatanensis (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950)
丑鳐属 Malacoraja 编辑
- 克氏丑鳐 Malacoraja kreffti (Stehmann, 1978)
- Malacoraja obscura M. R. de Carvalho, U. L. Gomes & Gadig, 2005
- Malacoraja senta (Garman, 1885)
- 粗皮丑鳐 Malacoraja spinacidermis (Barnard, 1923)
新鳐属 Neoraja 编辑
- 非洲新鳐 Neoraja africana (Stehmann & Séret, 1983)
- Neoraja caerulea (Stehmann, 1976)
- Neoraja carolinensis McEachran & Stehmann, 1984
- Neoraja iberica Stehmann, Séret, M. E. Costa & Baro, 2008
- 斯氏新鳐 Neoraja stehmanni (Hulley, 1972)
𫚙魮属 Okamejei 编辑
- 耳棘𫚙魮 Okamejei acutispina (Ishiyama, 1958)：又称光棘鳐。
- Okamejei arafurensis Last & Gledhill, 2008
- 鲍氏𫚙魮 Okamejei boesemani (Ishihara, 1987)：又称鲍氏鳐。
- Okamejei cairae Last, Fahmi & Ishihara, 2010
- 希氏鳐 Okamejei heemstrai (McEachran & Fechhelm, 1982)
- 何氏𫚙魮 Okamejei hollandi (D. S. Jordan & R. E. Richardson, 1909)：又称何氏鳐。
- 平背𫚙魮 Okamejei kenojei (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841)：又称斑鳐。
- Okamejei leptoura Last & Gledhill, 2008
- 麦氏𫚙魮 Okamejei meerdervoortii (Bleeker, 1860)：又称麦氏鳐。
- Okamejei mengae Jeong, Nakabo & H. L. Wu, 2007
- Okamejei ornata Weigmann, Stehmann & Thiel, 2015[5]
- 褐斑鳐 Okamejei pita (R. Fricke & Al-Hassan, 1995)[5]
- Okamejei schmidti (Ishiyama, 1958)
- Okamejei panayensis Misawa, Babaran & Motomura, 2022
瓮鳐属 Orbiraja 编辑
- Orbiraja jensenae (Last & A. P. K. Lim, 2010)
- Orbiraja philipi (Lloyd, 1906)
- Orbiraja powelli (Alcock, 1898)
鳐属 Raja 编辑
- 星斑鳐 Raja asterias Delaroche, 1809
- 短尾鳐 Raja brachyura Lafont, 1873
- 背棘鳐 Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758
- 晶吻鳐 Raja eglanteria L. A. G. Bosc, 1800
- 赫氏鳐 Raja herwigi G. Krefft, 1965
- 大吻鳐 Raja maderensis R. T. Lowe, 1838
- Raja mauritaniensis White & Fricke, 2021
- 小睛斑鳐 Raja microocellata Montagu, 1818
- 镜鳐 Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758
- 蒙鳐 Raja montagui Fowler, 1910
- Raja ocellifera Regan, 1906
- Raja parva Last & Séret, 2016
- Raja pita Fricke & Al-Hassan, 1995
- Raja polystigma Regan, 1923
- 粗背鳐 Raja radula Delaroche, 1809
- 斯氏鳐 Raja straeleni Poll, 1951
- 波鳐 Raja undulata Lacépède, 1802
细鳐属 Rajella 编辑
- Rajella annandalei M. C. W. Weber, 1913
- Rajella barnardi Norman, 1935
- Rajella bathyphila Holt & Byrne, 1908
- Rajella bigelowi Stehmann, 1978
- Rajella caudaspinosa von Bonde & Swart, 1923
- Rajella challengeri Last & Stehmann, 2008
- Rajella dissimilis Hulley, 1970
- Rajella eisenhardti Long & McCosker, 1999
- Rajella fuliginea Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954
- 细鳐 Rajella fyllae Lütken, 1887
- Rajella kukujevi Dolganov, 1985
- Rajella leopardus von Bonde & Swart, 1923
- Rajella lintea Fries, 1838
- Rajella nigerrima F. de Buen, 1960
- Rajella paucispinosa Weigmann, Stehmann & Thiel, 2014[6]
- Rajella purpuriventralis Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962
- Rajella ravidula Hulley, 1970
- Rajella sadowskii G. Krefft & Stehmann, 1974
吻鳐属 Rostroraja 编辑
- Rostroraja ackleyi (Garman, 1881)
- Rostroraja alba (Lacépède, 1803)
- Rostroraja bahamensis (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1965)
- Rostroraja cervigoni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1964)
- Rostroraja eglanteria (L. A. G. Bosc, 1800)
- Rostroraja equatorialis (D. S. Jordan & Bollman, 1890)
- Rostroraja texana (A. C. Chandler, 1921)
- Rostroraja velezi (Chirichigno F., 1973)
Spiniraja 编辑
- Spiniraja whitleyi (Iredale, 1938)
谷鳐属 Zearaja 编辑
- Zearaja argentinensis (Díaz de Astarloa, Mabragaña, Hanner & Figueroa, 2008)
- Zearaja chilensis (Guichenot, 1848)
- Zearaja maugeana (Last & Gledhill, 2007)
- Zearaja nasuta (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841)
参考文献 编辑
- ^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2009). Rajidae. FishBase. Version 2009-01.
- ^ LAST, P.R. & SÉRET, B. & STEHMANN, M.F.W. & WEIGMANN, S. (2016) Skates, Family Rajidae. In: Last, P.R., White, W.T., Carvalho, M.R. de, Séret, B., Stehmann, M.F.W & Naylor, G.J.P (Eds.) Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne: 204–363
- ^ Last, P.R. & Alava, M. (2013): Dipturus amphispinus sp. nov., a new longsnout skate (Rajoidei: Rajidae) from the Philippines. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Pp. 214-227 in: de Carvalho, M.R., Ebert, D.A., Ho, H.-C. & White, W.T. (eds.) : Systematics and biodiversity of sharks, rays, and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3752 (1): 1–386.
- ^ Francisco Concha; Janine Caira; David Ebert; Joost Pompert. Redescription and taxonomic status of Dipturus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848), and description of Dipturus lamillai sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae), a new species of long-snout skate from the Falkland Islands. Zootaxa. 1 May 2019, 4590 (5): 501–524 [19 March 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-19）.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Weigmann, S., Stehmann, M.F.W. & Thiel, R. (2015): Okamejei ornata n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the northwestern Indian Ocean off Socotra Islands. Deep-Sea Research Part II, 115: 18-29.
- ^ Weigmann, S.; Stehmann, M.F.W. & Thiel, R. Rajella paucispinosa n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the western Indian Ocean off South Mozambique, and a revised generic diagnosis (PDF). Zootaxa. 2014, 3847 (3): 359–387 [2023-09-10]. PMID 25112345. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3847.3.3. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-08-02）.
外部链接 编辑
- ARKive – images and movies of the common skate (Dipturus batis)
- Kliman, Todd. "Skate Goes From Trash Fish to Treasure （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", Washingtonian, May 1, 2006.
