大干道
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大干道（印地语：ग्रैंड ट्रंक रोड；英语：Grand Trunk Road）连接了中亚地区和印度次大陆，是亚洲最古老的主要干道之一[1]。它全长3670千米[2]，从孟加拉国的科克斯巴扎尔到阿富汗的喀布尔[3][4]，经过了吉大港、达卡、加尔各答、德里和拉合尔[5][6]。孔雀王朝的旃陀罗笈多于前3世纪修筑了纵贯古代北印度（Uttarapatha）的高速公路[7][8]，其后继者阿育王也对该道路进行了修筑。这条道路在英国殖民的1833至1860年被大规模翻修[9]。
几个世纪以来，这条公路一直是该地区的主要贸易路线之一，为旅行和邮政通讯提供了便利。大主干道仍在当今的印度次大陆上用于运输，该地区的部分道路已经拓宽并纳入了国家高速公路系统[10]。
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参考资料
编辑- ^ UNESCO, Caravanserais along the Grand Trunk Road in Pakistan （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ GlobalSecurity.org: Grand Trunk Road. [2020-09-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-10）.
- ^ Steel, Tim. A road to empires. Dhaka Tribune. 1 January 2015 [2016-07-19]. （原始内容存档于2016-02-11）.
- ^ Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey. Cuisine along G T Road. The Times of India (Calcutta). 15 September 2015 [2016-07-19]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-05）.
- ^ Khanna, Parag. How to Redraw the World Map. The New York Times. [2016-07-19]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容存档于2016-08-19）.
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. Sites along the Uttarapath, Badshahi Sadak, Sadak-e-Azam, Grand Trunk Road. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2018-12-26]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26） （英语）.
- ^ Vadime Elisseeff, p. 159-162, The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Farooqui Salma Ahmed, p. 234, A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ David Arnold (historian); Science, technology, and medicine in colonial India (New Cambr hist India v.III.5) Cambridge University Press, 2000, 234 pages p. 106 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Singh, Raghubir. The Grand Trunk Road: A Passage Through India
First. Aperture Books. 1995.
外部链接
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- Farooque, Abdul Khair Muhammad (1977), Roads and Communications in Mughal India. Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli.
- Weller, Anthony (1997), Days and Nights on the Grand Trunk Road: Calcutta to Khyber. Marlowe & Company.
- Kipling, Rudyard (1901), Kim. Considered one of Kipling's finest works, it is set mostly along the Grand Trunk Road. Free e-texts are available, for instance here（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- Usha Masson Luther; Moonis Raza. Historical routes of north west Indian Subcontinent, Lahore to Delhi, 1550s–1850s A.D. Sagar Publications. 1990.
- Arden, Harvey. Along the Grand Trunk Road. National Geographic. May 1990, 177 (5): 118–38.
- Mozammel, Md Muktadir Arif. Grand Trunk Road. Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (编). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. 2012 [2020-09-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-22）.
- Tayler, Jeffrey. India's Grand Trunk Road. The Atlantic Monthly. November 1999, 284 (5): 42–48 [2020-09-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-07）.
- National Highway Authority of India
- National Highway Authority of Pakistan（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- NPR: Along the Grand Trunk Road（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）