半閉後不圓唇元音
半闭后不圆唇元音（英語：close-mid back unrounded vowel、high-mid back unrounded vowel[1]）是相应的半闭后圆唇元音/o/的扁唇音。发音同/o/但是口型不圆。
| 半閉後不圓唇元音 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɤ | |||
| IPA編號 | 315 | ||
| 編碼 | |||
| HTML碼（十進制） |
ɤ | ||
| Unicode碼（十六進制） | U+0264 | ||
| X-SAMPA音標 |
7 | ||
| ASCII音標 |
o- | ||
| IPA盲文 |
  | ||
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| 音頻範例 | |||
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表內成對的元音分別為不圓唇／圓唇。 |
特徵编辑
此音出现于编辑
| 语言 | 词 | IPA | 意义 | 注释 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alekano | gamó | /ɣɑmɤʔ/ | 黄瓜 | ||
| 汉语 | 普通话 | 喝 hē | /xɤ˥/ | 有些地区读成/xɰʌ˥/ | |
| 爱尔兰语 | Uladh | /ɤlˠu/ | 阿爾斯特 | 参见爱尔兰语音系 | |
| 朝鲜语 | 庆尚方言 | 거기 geogi | /ˈkɤ̘ɡɪ/ | 那里 | 参见朝鲜语音系 |
| Önge | önge | /ˈɤŋe/ | 人 | ||
| 苏格兰盖尔语 | doirbh | /d̪̊ɤrʲɤv/ | 困难 | 参见苏格兰盖尔语音系 | |
| 泰语[2] | เธอ thoe | /tʰɤː/ | 你 | ||
参考资料编辑
- ^ 雖然國際語音學學會較偏好在描述元音高度時使用「開」和「閉」，但許多語言學家也會用「高」和「低」來描述舌頭相對於口腔上部的距離。
- ^ Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993:25)
參考文獻编辑
- Asu, Eva Liina; Teras, Pire, Estonian, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2009, 39 (3): 367–372, doi:10.1017/s002510030999017x
- Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul, New Zealand English: phonology, (编) Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 580–602, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
- Booij, Geert, The phonology of Dutch, Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-19-823869-X
- Bowerman, Sean, White South African English: phonology, (编) Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 931–942, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
- Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya; Kocjančič Antolík, Tanja, Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2013, 43 (3): 381–396, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000169[永久失效連結]
- Eades, Domenyk; Hajek, John, Gayo, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2006, 36 (1): 107–115, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002416
- Finn, Peter, Cape Flats English: phonology, (编) Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 934–984, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
- Gimson, Alfred Charles, Cruttenden, Alan, 编, Gimson's Pronunciation of English 8th, Routledge, 2014, ISBN 9781444183092
- Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery, Fonologia e prosódia do Kaingáng falado em Cacique Doble, Anais do SETA (Campinas: Editora do IEL-UNICAMP), 2009, 3: 675–685
- Kruspe, Nicole; Hajek, John, Mah Meri, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2009, 39 (2): 241–248, doi:10.1017/S0025100309003946
- Mesthrie, Rajend, Indian South African English: phonology, (编) Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 953–963, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
- Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe, Irish, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press: 111–16, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
- Nowikow, Wieczysław, Fonetyka hiszpańska 3rd, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2012 [First published 1992], ISBN 978-83-01-16856-8
- Tingsabadh, M. R. Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur S., Thai, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1993, 23 (1): 24–28, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004746
- Wells, John C., Accents of English 3: Beyond The British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, ISBN 0-521-28541-0